{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208253328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","title":"Deep speed estimation from synthetic and monocular data","display_name":"Deep speed estimation from synthetic and monocular data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208253328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","mag":"3208253328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109144458","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Barros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126158947","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3p7647","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joao Barros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Vision Research Lab (Ivisionlab), Universidade Federal da Bahia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Research Lab (Ivisionlab), Universidade Federal da Bahia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056386972","display_name":"Luciano Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126158947","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3p7647","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Vision Research Lab (Ivisionlab), Universidade Federal da Bahia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Research Lab (Ivisionlab), Universidade Federal da Bahia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109144458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63294367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"668","last_page":"673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7480964660644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5924929976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5858433842658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5673498511314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-loop","display_name":"Induction loop","score":0.5392293930053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5077003240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.49837756156921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48997822403907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47778353095054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.449025958776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4350014925003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.41518619656562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4102938175201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.25916391611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12182840704917908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480964660644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5924929976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5858433842658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5673498511314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8406815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2163913","display_name":"Induction loop","level":3,"score":0.5392293930053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5077003240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.49837756156921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48997822403907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47778353095054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.449025958776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4350014925003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.41518619656562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4102938175201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.25916391611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12182840704917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2255154256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APP0015/2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323681","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5872473521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8839456515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"307550/2018-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323681","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/0473khm44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1508456325","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2010047634","https://openalex.org/W2027569029","https://openalex.org/W2072258992","https://openalex.org/W2093273191","https://openalex.org/W2094233652","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2524986418","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2590234360","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2745519816","https://openalex.org/W2766984662","https://openalex.org/W2789228953","https://openalex.org/W2890754543","https://openalex.org/W2893929991","https://openalex.org/W2894297488","https://openalex.org/W2936789839","https://openalex.org/W2947275491","https://openalex.org/W2947324298","https://openalex.org/W2950347718","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962867954","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2963477312","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3013747287","https://openalex.org/W3035732677","https://openalex.org/W3083391511","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3100040918","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W4297805979","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6668193376","https://openalex.org/W6677548441","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6730903564","https://openalex.org/W6742667445","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6763710273","https://openalex.org/W6783596713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"state-of-the-art":[1],"in":[2,53,134,223,236],"speed":[3,78,96,204],"measurement":[4,45,88,97],"technologies":[5],"includes":[6],"magnetic":[7],"inductive":[8,191],"loop":[9,192],"detectors,":[10],"Doppler":[11],"radar,":[12],"infrared":[13],"sensors,":[14],"and":[15,30,41,189],"laser":[16],"sensors.":[17],"Many":[18],"of":[19,58,67,87,121,129,138,161,202,210],"these":[20,59],"systems":[21,60],"rely":[22,231],"on":[23,100,154,186,232],"intrusive":[24],"methods":[25],"that":[26,33,132],"require":[27],"intricate":[28],"installation":[29],"maintenance":[31,42],"processes":[32],"hinder":[34],"traffic":[35],"while":[36],"leading":[37],"to":[38,74,83,150,199],"high":[39,182],"acquisition":[40],"costs.":[43],"Speed":[44],"from":[46,79,113],"monocular":[47,101],"videos":[48],"appears":[49],"as":[50,62,148,240],"an":[51,207],"alternative":[52],"this":[54],"context.":[55],"However,":[56],"most":[57],"present":[61],"a":[63,71,95,114,135,151,155,181],"drawback":[64],"the":[65,76,126,130,139,167,203,220,237,243],"requirement":[66],"camera":[68,246],"calibration":[69],"-":[70],"fundamental":[72],"step":[73],"convert":[75],"vehicle":[77,122,177],"pixels":[80],"per":[81],"frame":[82],"some":[84],"real-world":[85,173],"unit":[86],"(e.g.":[89],"km/h).":[90],"Considering":[91],"that,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"system":[98,110,184,196,228],"based":[99,153,185],"cameras":[102],"with":[103,175],"no":[104],"need":[105,244],"for":[106,245],"calibration.":[107,247],"Our":[108,194,226],"proposed":[109,195,227],"was":[111,164,197],"trained":[112],"synthetic":[115],"data":[116,169],"set":[117],"containing":[118],"12,290":[119],"instances":[120,205],"speeds.":[123],"We":[124],"extract":[125],"motion":[127],"information":[128],"vehicles":[131],"pass":[133],"specific":[136],"region":[137],"image":[140],"by":[141,180,219],"using":[142,146],"dense":[143],"optical":[144],"flow,":[145],"it":[147],"input":[149],"regressor":[152],"customized":[156],"VGG-16":[157],"network.":[158],"The":[159],"performance":[160],"our":[162],"method":[163],"evaluated":[165],"over":[166],"Luvizon's":[168],"set,":[170],"which":[171,215],"contains":[172],"scenarios":[174],"7,766":[176],"speeds,":[178],"ground-truthed":[179],"precision":[183],"properly":[187],"calibrated":[188],"approved":[190],"detectors.":[193],"able":[198],"measure":[200],"85.4%":[201],"within":[206],"error":[208],"range":[209],"[-3,":[211],"+":[212],"2]":[213],"km/h,":[214],"is":[216],"ideally":[217],"defined":[218],"regulatory":[221],"authorities":[222],"several":[224],"countries.":[225],"does":[229],"not":[230],"any":[233],"distance":[234],"measurements":[235],"real":[238],"world":[239],"input,":[241],"eliminating":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}