{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118576105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","title":"PSDet: Efficient and Universal Parking Slot Detection","display_name":"PSDet: Efficient and Universal Parking Slot Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118576105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","mag":"3118576105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091037704","display_name":"Zizhang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-8271"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zizhang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zongmu Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zongmu Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050009113","display_name":"Weiwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345034","display_name":"Man Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-518X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zongmu Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zongmu Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069098292","display_name":"Xiaoquan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-0828"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zongmu Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zongmu Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010593527","display_name":"Lizhu Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zongmu Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zongmu Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088784958","display_name":"Fan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-6923"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zongmu Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zongmu Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091037704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90501878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"290","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.9640582203865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7886731624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6821480989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-lot","display_name":"Parking lot","score":0.5894839763641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4439961314201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4361085891723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.42321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3832176625728607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3664042055606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3640976548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12826767563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08798718452453613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.9640582203865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7886731624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6821480989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501349","display_name":"Parking lot","level":2,"score":0.5894839763641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4439961314201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4361085891723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3832176625728607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3664042055606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3640976548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12826767563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08798718452453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577784296","https://openalex.org/W1580045085","https://openalex.org/W2000431576","https://openalex.org/W2097543505","https://openalex.org/W2101117085","https://openalex.org/W2121929431","https://openalex.org/W2133026742","https://openalex.org/W2148412784","https://openalex.org/W2148690598","https://openalex.org/W2155912251","https://openalex.org/W2160115232","https://openalex.org/W2265516011","https://openalex.org/W2343144455","https://openalex.org/W2515545689","https://openalex.org/W2515679514","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2751406942","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2965287913","https://openalex.org/W2981857055","https://openalex.org/W4252079569","https://openalex.org/W6682176052","https://openalex.org/W6693508404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W3126772657","https://openalex.org/W3025757700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"real-time":[1,130],"parking":[2,11,47,76,91],"slot":[3,48,92],"detection":[4,49],"plays":[5],"a":[6,55,106],"critical":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,18,78,113,131],"valet":[10],"systems,":[12],"existing":[13],"methods":[14],"have":[15,34],"limited":[16,35],"success":[17],"real-world":[19],"application.":[20],"We":[21],"argue":[22],"two":[23],"reasons":[24],"accounting":[25],"for":[26,46,58,65],"the":[27,39,60,66,72,83,88,102,114,125],"unsatisfactory":[28],"performance:":[29],"i,":[30],"The":[31],"available":[32,135],"datasets":[33],"diversity,":[36],"which":[37],"causes":[38],"low":[40],"generalization":[41],"ability.":[42],"ii,":[43],"Expert":[44],"knowledge":[45],"is":[50,134],"under-estimated.":[51],"Thus,":[52],"we":[53,81,104],"annotate":[54],"large-scale":[56],"benchmark":[57,119],"training":[59],"network":[61],"and":[62,94,120],"release":[63],"it":[64,123],"benefit":[67],"of":[68,74,90],"community.":[69],"Driven":[70],"by":[71],"observation":[73],"various":[75],"lots":[77],"our":[79,118],"benchmark,":[80],"propose":[82],"circular":[84],"descriptor":[85],"to":[86,110],"regress":[87],"coordinates":[89],"vertexes":[93,112],"accordingly":[95],"localize":[96,111],"slots":[97],"accurately.":[98],"To":[99],"further":[100],"boost":[101],"performance,":[103],"develop":[105],"two-stage":[107],"deep":[108],"architecture":[109],"coarse-to-fine":[115],"manner.":[116],"In":[117],"other":[121],"datasets,":[122],"achieves":[124],"state-of-the-art":[126],"accuracy":[127],"while":[128],"being":[129],"practice.":[132],"Benchmark":[133],"at:":[136],"https://github.com/wuzzh/Parking-slot-dataset":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}