{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013987741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","title":"SPFCN: Select and Prune the Fully Convolutional Networks for Real-time Parking Slot Detection","display_name":"SPFCN: Select and Prune the Fully Convolutional Networks for Real-time Parking Slot Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013987741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","mag":"3013987741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082936279","display_name":"Zhuoping Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoping Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110741302","display_name":"Zhong Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Tongji Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103283238","display_name":"Hansheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9294-5970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hansheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037625832","display_name":"Yuyao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6723-5582"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, China","State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3945,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47437923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"445","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7968084812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7400112748146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6309740543365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6293164491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6229775547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6004492044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5893085598945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epoch","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","score":0.4828663170337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4731501340866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37183693051338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.26876765489578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2579481601715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12511757016181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.07488533854484558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7968084812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7400112748146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6309740543365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6293164491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6229775547981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6004492044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5893085598945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","level":3,"score":0.4828663170337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4731501340866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37183693051338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26876765489578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2579481601715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12511757016181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.07488533854484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.11337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11337","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3013987741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11337.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.11337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.11337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.11337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11337","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6371315947","display_name":"\u9488\u5bf9\u65e0\u4eba\u8f66\u5f31\u7279\u5f81\u5c0f\u7269\u4f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8981\u7d20\u5173\u8054\u8c03\u5236\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61906138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340852940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31815005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326870","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326870","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013987741.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013987741.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2000431576","https://openalex.org/W2098517398","https://openalex.org/W2124324640","https://openalex.org/W2133026742","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2511730936","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2707890836","https://openalex.org/W2743473392","https://openalex.org/W2778362064","https://openalex.org/W2783000019","https://openalex.org/W2794291179","https://openalex.org/W2887902357","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2944779197","https://openalex.org/W2950762923","https://openalex.org/W2951433694","https://openalex.org/W2951583185","https://openalex.org/W2951975363","https://openalex.org/W2952125895","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2964238526","https://openalex.org/W2970632972","https://openalex.org/W2971262757","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3138819159","https://openalex.org/W6674676010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126149474","https://openalex.org/W3106275201","https://openalex.org/W2989681626","https://openalex.org/W1977538404","https://openalex.org/W2284957765","https://openalex.org/W3093917435","https://openalex.org/W2625165894","https://openalex.org/W197524328","https://openalex.org/W2939388529","https://openalex.org/W2894828242","https://openalex.org/W3038033597","https://openalex.org/W3173694060","https://openalex.org/W2790984575","https://openalex.org/W1836071871","https://openalex.org/W2058821082","https://openalex.org/W2963221280","https://openalex.org/W2118316458","https://openalex.org/W1923779593","https://openalex.org/W2750900935","https://openalex.org/W2922528353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"vehicles":[1],"equipped":[2],"with":[3],"the":[4,8,13,20,26,66,75,81,148],"automatic":[5],"parking":[6,14,102,130],"system,":[7],"accuracy":[9,22,143,154],"and":[10,57,79,98,140,153],"speed":[11,30,56,152],"of":[12,28,94,101,119,135,144],"slot":[15,131,141],"detection":[16,142],"are":[17,36],"crucial.":[18],"But":[19],"high":[21],"is":[23,92],"obtained":[24],"at":[25],"price":[27],"low":[29],"or":[31],"expensive":[32],"computation":[33],"equipment,":[34],"which":[35],"sensitive":[37],"for":[38,54],"many":[39],"car":[40],"manufacturers.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,69],"proposed":[46,90],"a":[47,71,116,124],"detector":[48],"using":[49],"CNN":[50],"(convolutional":[51],"neural":[52],"networks)":[53],"faster":[55],"smaller":[58],"model":[59,91,114],"size":[60],"while":[61,104],"keeps":[62],"accuracy.":[63],"To":[64],"achieve":[65],"optimal":[67],"balance,":[68],"developed":[70],"strategy":[72],"to":[73],"select":[74],"best":[76],"receptive":[77],"fields":[78],"prune":[80],"redundant":[82],"channels":[83],"automatically":[84],"after":[85],"each":[86],"training":[87],"epoch.":[88],"The":[89,113],"capable":[93],"jointly":[95],"detecting":[96],"corners":[97],"line":[99],"features":[100],"slots":[103],"running":[105],"efficiently":[106],"in":[107,150],"real":[108],"time":[109],"on":[110,123,155],"average":[111],"processors.":[112],"has":[115],"frame":[117],"rate":[118],"about":[120],"30":[121],"FPS":[122],"2.3":[125],"GHz":[126],"CPU":[127],"core,":[128],"yielding":[129],"corner":[132],"localization":[133],"error":[134],"1.51\u00b12.14":[136],"cm":[137],"(std.":[138],"err.)":[139],"98%,":[145],"generally":[146],"satisfying":[147],"requirements":[149],"both":[151],"onboard":[156],"mobile":[157],"terminals.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}