{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129580825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","title":"Amharic character recognition using a fast signature based algorithm","display_name":"Amharic character recognition using a fast signature based algorithm","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129580825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","mag":"2129580825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113706188","display_name":"John Cowell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Cowell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., De Montfort Univ., Leicester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., De Montfort Univ., Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"F. Hussain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing & Information Systems, University of Luton, Luton, UK","University of Luton"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing & Information Systems, University of Luton, Luton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113706188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8996451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"384","last_page":"389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amharic","display_name":"Amharic","score":0.9869625568389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7884638905525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7817277312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.641197681427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6002652645111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.5967131853103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5666685104370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuation","display_name":"Punctuation","score":0.5354713201522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5314499139785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.5082909464836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3872146010398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14443355798721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09563454985618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08896851539611816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28244","display_name":"Amharic","level":2,"score":0.9869625568389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7884638905525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7817277312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.641197681427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6002652645111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.5967131853103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5666685104370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540372491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82622","display_name":"Punctuation","level":2,"score":0.5354713201522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5314499139785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5082909464836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3872146010398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14443355798721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09563454985618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08896851539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2003.1218014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175300340","https://openalex.org/W779329950","https://openalex.org/W1978861152","https://openalex.org/W2005922699","https://openalex.org/W2015421919","https://openalex.org/W2021836390","https://openalex.org/W2049262056","https://openalex.org/W2087047902","https://openalex.org/W2102850568","https://openalex.org/W2124491037","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2143786659","https://openalex.org/W2157515255","https://openalex.org/W2262213973","https://openalex.org/W2284366946","https://openalex.org/W2322292413","https://openalex.org/W2629103670","https://openalex.org/W3120147036","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6695271190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110147340","https://openalex.org/W4309734222","https://openalex.org/W1985694112","https://openalex.org/W2188440461","https://openalex.org/W2164215946","https://openalex.org/W2120407907","https://openalex.org/W3096012655","https://openalex.org/W2016860631","https://openalex.org/W3035903760","https://openalex.org/W2129386218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,50,103,113,131,155],"Amharic":[1,26,30,69,88],"language":[2,6],"is":[3,146],"the":[4,68,73,94,106,120,139,143,164],"principal":[5],"of":[7,75,111,128,153],"over":[8],"20":[9],"million":[10],"people":[11],"mainly":[12],"in":[13],"Ethiopia.":[14],"An":[15],"extensive":[16],"literature":[17],"survey":[18],"reveals":[19],"no":[20],"journal":[21],"or":[22],"conference":[23],"papers":[24],"on":[25],"character":[27,107,121,141],"recognition.":[28],"script":[31,70],"has":[32],"33":[33],"basic":[34],"characters":[35,51,89,95],"each":[36],"with":[37,150],"seven":[38],"orders":[39],"giving":[40],"231":[41],"distinct":[42],"characters,":[43],"not":[44,55,63],"including":[45],"numbers":[46],"and":[47,57,71,79,101,122,142,163],"punctuation":[48],"symbols.":[49],"are":[52,90,96,134],"cursive":[53,60],"but":[54,149],"connected":[56],"unlike":[58],"other":[59],"scripts":[61],"do":[62],"use":[64],"dots.":[65],"We":[66],"describe":[67],"discuss":[72],"difficulties":[74],"applying":[76],"conventional":[77],"structural":[78],"syntactic":[80],"recognition":[81,144],"processes.":[82],"Two":[83],"statistical":[84,156],"algorithms":[85],"for":[86,98],"identifying":[87],"described.":[91],"In":[92],"both,":[93],"normalised":[97],"both":[99],"size":[100],"orientation.":[102],"first":[104],"compares":[105,123],"against":[108,125],"a":[109,116,126],"series":[110],"templates.":[112,130],"second":[114],"derives":[115],"characteristic":[117],"signature":[118,129],"from":[119],"this":[124],"set":[127],"signatures":[132],"used":[133],"fifty":[135],"times":[136],"smaller":[137],"than":[138],"original":[140],"process":[145],"corresponding":[147],"faster":[148],"some":[151],"loss":[152],"accuracy.":[154],"techniques":[157],"described":[158],"have":[159],"been":[160],"fully":[161],"implemented":[162],"resulting":[165],"performance":[166],"outlined.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
