{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038464784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","title":"Distributed GABBA Space-Time Codes in Amplify-and-Forward Cooperation","display_name":"Distributed GABBA Space-Time Codes in Amplify-and-Forward Cooperation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038464784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","mag":"2038464784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Information Theory Workshop on Information Theory for Wireless Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068467894","display_name":"Behrouz Maham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12337491","display_name":"University Graduate Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01svqjv39","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121847817","display_name":"The Graduate Center, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/00awd9g61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behrouz Maham","raw_affiliation_strings":["UniK-University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","UniK-Univ. Graduate Center, Oslo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK-University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12337491","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK-Univ. Graduate Center, Oslo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106716690","display_name":"Are Hj\u00f8rungnes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12337491","display_name":"University Graduate Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01svqjv39","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121847817","display_name":"The Graduate Center, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/00awd9g61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Are Hjorungnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["UniK-University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","UniK-Univ. Graduate Center, Oslo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK-University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12337491","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK-Univ. Graduate Center, Oslo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068467894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817","https://openalex.org/I12337491","https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95335024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.7179003953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7063730359077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.701163649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6795679926872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.626474142074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.575692355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4797719419002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.4696228802204132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.45469796657562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-rate","display_name":"Full Rate","score":0.4500364661216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4406260550022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time","display_name":"Space time","score":0.4230073392391205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time code","score":0.42282113432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4100653827190399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40356892347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32432547211647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09862944483757019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.7179003953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7063730359077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.701163649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6795679926872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.626474142074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.575692355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4797719419002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.4696228802204132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.45469796657562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197477341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532845","display_name":"Full Rate","level":3,"score":0.4500364661216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4406260550022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.4230073392391205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572753","display_name":"Space\u2013time code","level":4,"score":0.42282113432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4100653827190399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40356892347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32432547211647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09862944483757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itwitwn.2007.4318061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Information Theory Workshop on Information Theory for Wireless Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.109.6928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.109.6928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://brage.unik.no/personer/arehj/publications/ITW07_behrouz.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598996319","https://openalex.org/W1509724310","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1970997281","https://openalex.org/W1994406803","https://openalex.org/W2035711000","https://openalex.org/W2067436166","https://openalex.org/W2087126336","https://openalex.org/W2096422246","https://openalex.org/W2096895376","https://openalex.org/W2098208862","https://openalex.org/W2102934991","https://openalex.org/W2103433429","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2110659753","https://openalex.org/W2116972309","https://openalex.org/W2117359246","https://openalex.org/W2120062331","https://openalex.org/W2126117638","https://openalex.org/W2130347036","https://openalex.org/W2130396847","https://openalex.org/W2133338231","https://openalex.org/W2135034991","https://openalex.org/W2146291489","https://openalex.org/W2148963518","https://openalex.org/W2156499962","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2166043542","https://openalex.org/W3016843226","https://openalex.org/W3119264854","https://openalex.org/W6630421773","https://openalex.org/W6643388834","https://openalex.org/W6659241606","https://openalex.org/W6678978478","https://openalex.org/W6775794996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103701079","https://openalex.org/W2076148615","https://openalex.org/W2380546977","https://openalex.org/W2121913003","https://openalex.org/W2060194727","https://openalex.org/W3104937183","https://openalex.org/W2362810203","https://openalex.org/W2157899225","https://openalex.org/W1968911450","https://openalex.org/W2006591162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"idea":[1],"of":[2,25,50,53,86,103,127],"space-time":[3,28,72],"coding,":[4],"devised":[5],"for":[6,30,122],"multiple-antenna":[7],"systems,":[8],"can":[9],"be":[10],"applied":[11],"to":[12,83,99,106],"communication":[13],"over":[14],"a":[15,41,47,76,120],"wireless":[16,31],"relay":[17,32,45],"network.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"is":[21,81],"on":[22],"the":[23,54,59,93,123,128],"design":[24],"practical":[26],"distributed":[27,77,147],"codes":[29],"networks,":[33],"in":[34,40,75,92,131],"which":[35,64,95],"uses":[36],"amplify-and-forward":[37],"(AF)":[38],"scheme":[39,80,130],"way":[42],"that":[43],"each":[44],"transmits":[46],"scaled":[48],"version":[49],"linear":[51,89],"combination":[52],"received":[55],"symbols.":[56],"We":[57],"use":[58],"recently":[60],"presented":[61],"GABBA":[62],"codes,":[63,74],"are":[65],"systematically":[66],"constructed,":[67],"orthogonally":[68],"decodable,":[69],"full-rate,":[70,145],"full-diversity":[71,146],"block":[73],"fashion.":[78],"Our":[79,135],"generalized":[82],"any":[84],"number":[85,102],"relays":[87,105],"with":[88],"orthogonal":[90],"decoding":[91],"destination,":[94],"make":[96],"it":[97],"feasible":[98],"employ":[100],"large":[101],"potential":[104],"improve":[107],"diversity":[108],"order.":[109],"Assuming":[110],"BPSK":[111],"modulation":[112],"and":[113],"maximum":[114],"likelihood":[115],"(ML)":[116],"detection,":[117],"we":[118],"derive":[119],"formula":[121],"bit":[124],"error":[125],"probability":[126],"investigated":[129],"Rayleigh":[132],"fading":[133],"channels.":[134],"analytical":[136],"results":[137],"have":[138],"been":[139],"confirmed":[140],"by":[141],"simulation":[142],"results,":[143],"using":[144],"codes.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}