{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982872379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","title":"Non-binary protograph-based LDPC codes for short block-lengths","display_name":"Non-binary protograph-based LDPC codes for short block-lengths","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982872379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","mag":"1982872379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Information Theory Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067848036","display_name":"Ben-Yue Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben-Yue Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California","[Electrical Engineering Dept., University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical Engineering Dept., University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033923371","display_name":"D. Divsalar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-3078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariush Divsalar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075795132","display_name":"Lara Dolecek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3736-4345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lara Dolecek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067848036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92912716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"282","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6430697441101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5932059288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5882212519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5586905479431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5387505292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.5296886563301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5044492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.4733084440231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4721912145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.4692155122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4102451205253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.40886786580085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34753668308258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.19357141852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.17972758412361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16917720437049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11797276139259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1045764684677124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6430697441101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5932059288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5882212519645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5586905479431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5387505292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.5296886563301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5044492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.4733084440231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4721912145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.4692155122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4102451205253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.40886786580085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34753668308258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.19357141852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.17972758412361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16917720437049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11797276139259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1045764684677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Information Theory Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91277888","https://openalex.org/W1640191857","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W1982045017","https://openalex.org/W2015684392","https://openalex.org/W2039365385","https://openalex.org/W2042348588","https://openalex.org/W2108961437","https://openalex.org/W2117994551","https://openalex.org/W2160789439","https://openalex.org/W2161294264","https://openalex.org/W2173776306","https://openalex.org/W6603727012","https://openalex.org/W6660855223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289655494","https://openalex.org/W1984351496","https://openalex.org/W2171154110","https://openalex.org/W2886957319","https://openalex.org/W2119821330","https://openalex.org/W2106414790","https://openalex.org/W2167713507","https://openalex.org/W2540115800","https://openalex.org/W2034110706","https://openalex.org/W1963637513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"two":[3],"complementary":[4],"constructions":[5],"of":[6,28,48,65,106,120,124],"finite-length":[7],"non-binary":[8,43,67,108],"protograph-based":[9],"codes":[10,109,126],"with":[11,37],"the":[12,15,25,30,34,46,49,61,69,82,117,121],"focus":[13],"on":[14,24,60],"short":[16,111],"block-length":[17],"regime.":[18],"The":[19,52,85],"first":[20],"class":[21,54,87],"is":[22,55,58,88,129],"based":[23,59],"existing":[26],"approaches":[27],"applying":[29],"copy-and-permute":[31,77],"operations":[32,78],"to":[33,45,81],"constituent":[35],"protograph":[36,71],"unweighted":[38],"edges,":[39],"followed":[40],"by":[41],"assigning":[42],"scales":[44],"edges":[47],"derived":[50],"graph.":[51],"second":[53,86],"novel":[56],"and":[57,76,99,104,116],"so-called":[62],"graph":[63],"cover":[64],"a":[66],"protograph:":[68],"original":[70],"has":[72],"fixed":[73],"edge":[74],"scalings":[75],"are":[79],"applied":[80],"edge-weighted":[83],"protograph.":[84],"arguably":[89],"more":[90],"restrictive,":[91],"but":[92],"in":[93],"turn":[94],"it":[95],"offers":[96],"simpler":[97],"design":[98,103],"implementation.":[100],"We":[101],"provide":[102],"construction":[105],"these":[107],"for":[110,131],"block-lengths.":[112],"Performance,":[113],"cycle":[114],"distribution":[115],"minimum":[118],"distance":[119],"binary":[122],"image":[123],"selected":[125],"over":[127],"AWGN":[128],"provided":[130],"information":[132],"block-lengths":[133],"as":[134,136],"low":[135],"64":[137],"bits.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
