{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098720231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","title":"Retrograde Analysis of Kriegspiel endgames","display_name":"Retrograde Analysis of Kriegspiel endgames","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098720231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","mag":"2098720231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072561518","display_name":"Paolo Ciancarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-9924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Ciancarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, Italy","Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, ITALY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, ITALY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009749301","display_name":"Gian Piero Favini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Piero Favini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, Italy","Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, ITALY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bologna, ITALY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74404273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"411","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9434999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.702948808670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-endgame","display_name":"Chess endgame","score":0.6974988579750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.4831523299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-information","display_name":"Perfect information","score":0.4115352928638458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3487406373023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.33062630891799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.329393208026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26620227098464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.21732941269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19313058257102966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.702948808670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118491383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332225","display_name":"Chess endgame","level":2,"score":0.6974988579750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.4831523299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123676819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338","display_name":"Perfect information","level":2,"score":0.4115352928638458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3487406373023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.33062630891799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.329393208026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26620227098464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.21732941269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19313058257102966}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itw.2010.5593325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.173.5411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.173.5411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://game.itu.dk/cig2010/proceedings/papers/cig10_051_008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/93683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/93683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8298908","https://openalex.org/W170020837","https://openalex.org/W1483286099","https://openalex.org/W1553583116","https://openalex.org/W1924471893","https://openalex.org/W1992351232","https://openalex.org/W2098138749","https://openalex.org/W2140658259","https://openalex.org/W6600328062","https://openalex.org/W6628968901","https://openalex.org/W6640411215","https://openalex.org/W6674849975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2202744812","https://openalex.org/W2806893583","https://openalex.org/W1986056984","https://openalex.org/W2392755118","https://openalex.org/W56729791","https://openalex.org/W2364698761","https://openalex.org/W45534592","https://openalex.org/W2595858113","https://openalex.org/W2786112756","https://openalex.org/W4322751264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"game":[1,26],"tree":[2],"can":[3,40,66],"be":[4,42,67],"constructed":[5],"starting":[6],"from":[7],"its":[8],"leaves":[9],"with":[10],"a":[11,25,79,85,90],"technique":[12],"called":[13],"Retrograde":[14],"Analysis.":[15],"It":[16],"is":[17],"useful":[18],"to":[19,31,51,69],"solve":[20,70],"some":[21,117,134],"specific":[22],"subsets":[23,71],"of":[24,72,127],"like":[27],"chess,":[28],"in":[29,35,44,49,102],"order":[30,50],"achieve":[32],"optimal":[33],"play":[34,54],"endgame":[36],"situations.":[37],"Position":[38],"values":[39],"then":[41],"stored":[43],"databases":[45,124],"for":[46,125],"instant":[47],"access,":[48],"obtain":[52],"perfect":[53,96],"at":[55],"no":[56],"time":[57],"cost.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"shows":[61],"that":[62],"such":[63],"an":[64,74],"approach":[65],"used":[68],"Kriegspiel,":[73],"imperfect":[75],"information":[76],"game.":[77],"Using":[78],"brute":[80],"force":[81],"retrograde":[82],"analysis":[83],"algorithm,":[84,93],"suitable":[86],"data":[87],"representation":[88],"and":[89,106,130],"special":[91],"lookup":[92],"we":[94],"achieved":[95],"play,":[97],"perfection":[98],"meaning":[99],"fastest":[100],"checkmate":[101],"the":[103,112],"worst":[104],"case":[105],"without":[107],"making":[108],"any":[109],"assumptions":[110],"on":[111,133],"opponent's":[113],"strategy.":[114],"We":[115,121],"investigate":[116],"classic":[118],"Kriegspiel":[119],"endgames.":[120],"have":[122],"built":[123],"each":[126],"these":[128],"endgames":[129],"cast":[131],"light":[132],"long":[135],"standing":[136],"open":[137],"problems.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
