{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137235424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507","title":"Getting Ready for Deployment: Transformer-Enabled Robust Adaptive Traffic Signal Control","display_name":"Getting Ready for Deployment: Transformer-Enabled Robust Adaptive Traffic Signal Control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137235424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129417748","display_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037030317","display_name":"Ilia Smirnov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Smirnov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028174137","display_name":"Scott Sanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Sanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007210426","display_name":"Baher Abdulhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-2578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baher Abdulhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto,Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3305","last_page":"3312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.3312000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.3312000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10046","display_name":"Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3010999858379364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49642008543014526,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088595989","https://openalex.org/W2238185549","https://openalex.org/W2321988701","https://openalex.org/W2904906709","https://openalex.org/W4383876283","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4388271065","https://openalex.org/W4388979610","https://openalex.org/W4402978475","https://openalex.org/W4415796609","https://openalex.org/W6922480057","https://openalex.org/W7133186666"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"traffic":[1,96],"signal":[2],"control":[3],"must":[4],"contend":[5],"with":[6],"rapidly":[7],"changing":[8],"demand":[9],"patterns,":[10],"limited":[11],"sensor":[12],"coverage,":[13],"and":[14,47,76,156],"strict":[15],"safety":[16],"regulations":[17],"-":[18],"challenges":[19],"often":[20],"overlooked":[21],"by":[22,68,138],"lab-focused":[23],"reinforcement":[24],"learning":[25],"(RL)":[26],"research.":[27],"We":[28,40],"introduce":[29],"eMARLIN-Transformer-Robust,":[30],"a":[31,57,61,102,160],"decentralized":[32],"multiagent":[33],"RL":[34],"framework":[35],"built":[36],"for":[37],"real-world":[38,171],"deployment.":[39],"frame":[41],"these":[42],"issues":[43],"as":[44],"partial":[45,52],"observability":[46],"out-of-distribution":[48,85],"challenges.":[49],"To":[50,83],"reduce":[51],"observability,":[53],"each":[54],"agent":[55],"employs":[56],"Transformer":[58],"encoder":[59],"over":[60,141],"brief":[62],"history":[63,154],"of":[64,81,152,165],"local":[65],"observations":[66],"augmented":[67],"neighbor":[69],"embeddings.":[70],"The":[71],"architecture":[72],"captures":[73],"temporal":[74],"context":[75],"extends":[77],"agent's":[78],"effective":[79],"field":[80,104],"view.":[82],"achieve":[84],"robustness,":[86],"we":[87],"apply":[88],"domain":[89],"randomization":[90],"techniques,":[91],"exposing":[92],"agents":[93,142],"to":[94,98,122],"diverse":[95],"scenarios":[97,109],"prevent":[99],"overfitting.":[100],"In":[101],"simulated":[103],"test":[105],"spanning":[106],"75":[107],"out-of-training":[108],"(225":[110],"runs),":[111],"eMARLIN-Transformer-Robust":[112],"reduces":[113],"total":[114],"stop":[115],"delay":[116],"by$17.7":[117],"\\%":[118],"\\sim":[119],"27.8":[120],"\\%$compared":[121],"the":[123,150],"expert-tuned":[124],"industry-standard":[125],"TransSuite":[126],"system.":[127],"An":[128],"ablation":[129],"study":[130],"shows":[131],"that":[132,148],"robust":[133,157],"training":[134,158],"further":[135],"improves":[136],"performance":[137],"12.2":[139],"%":[140],"lacking":[143],"it.":[144],"These":[145],"results":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"only":[149],"combination":[151],"Transformer-based":[153],"encoding":[155],"yields":[159],"single,":[161],"adaptive":[162],"policy":[163],"capable":[164],"seamless,":[166],"plan-free":[167],"operation":[168],"across":[169],"diverse,":[170],"conditions.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}