{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137382528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019","title":"A Comparative Study of Multi-Vehicle Knowledge Fusion Methods","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Multi-Vehicle Knowledge Fusion Methods","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137382528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056907080","display_name":"Shanghang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9365-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanghang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129598735","display_name":"Shuo Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104221352","display_name":"Zhenyu Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129504108","display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University,Jilin,China,130022"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University,Jilin,China,130022","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452120","display_name":"Xincheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xincheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062948895","display_name":"Jiaming Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-9091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101016419","display_name":"Yanjun Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University,Shanghai,China,201804","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"755","last_page":"761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.05570000037550926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.05570000037550926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13514","display_name":"Experience-Based Knowledge Management","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.27090001106262207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1656056944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2502900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3821160350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2962787969","https://openalex.org/W3015735225","https://openalex.org/W3037606473","https://openalex.org/W3091086138","https://openalex.org/W3127561923","https://openalex.org/W3138984732","https://openalex.org/W3180680946","https://openalex.org/W3203076355","https://openalex.org/W4285145842","https://openalex.org/W4312862130","https://openalex.org/W4387092492","https://openalex.org/W4390120112","https://openalex.org/W4390777611","https://openalex.org/W4390933704","https://openalex.org/W4393140561","https://openalex.org/W4401109681","https://openalex.org/W4401415850","https://openalex.org/W4403778993","https://openalex.org/W4404612684","https://openalex.org/W4406171015","https://openalex.org/W4407951596","https://openalex.org/W4411550838","https://openalex.org/W4415796927","https://openalex.org/W7121445788"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-learning":[0],"techniques":[1,36,73],"show":[2],"great":[3],"potential":[4],"to":[5,60],"improve":[6],"the":[7,32,39,54,115,150],"adaptability":[8],"of":[9,34,42,79,117,141,153],"autonomous":[10,43],"vehicles":[11],"in":[12,26,92,145],"dynamic":[13],"environments.":[14],"However,":[15],"existing":[16],"self-learning":[17,35],"approaches":[18],"mainly":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21],"isolated":[22],"learning":[23],"paradigms,":[24],"resulting":[25],"fragmented":[27],"knowledge":[28,51,55,71],"accumulation.":[29],"To":[30],"expand":[31],"scope":[33],"and":[37,64,74,85,96,102,155],"strengthen":[38],"generalization":[40],"capabilities":[41],"driving":[44],"agents,":[45],"many":[46],"studies":[47],"have":[48],"explored":[49],"multivehicle":[50],"fusion,":[52],"leveraging":[53],"accumulated":[56],"across":[57],"multiple":[58],"agents":[59],"build":[61],"more":[62,124],"robust":[63],"scalable":[65],"models.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"reviews":[69],"current":[70],"fusion":[72],"presents":[75],"a":[76],"case":[77],"study":[78],"two":[80],"core":[81],"approaches:":[82],"policy":[83,109],"distillation":[84,110],"model":[86,121,143],"merging.":[87],"We":[88],"evaluate":[89],"these":[90],"methods":[91],"representative":[93],"traffic":[94],"scenarios":[95],"discuss":[97],"their":[98],"respective":[99],"strengths,":[100],"limitations,":[101],"unique":[103],"characteristics.":[104],"Experimental":[105],"results":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"that":[108],"delivers":[111],"high":[112],"accuracy":[113],"at":[114],"cost":[116],"substantial":[118],"resources,":[119],"whereas":[120],"merging":[122],"is":[123],"resource-efficient":[125],"but":[126],"less":[127],"precise.":[128],"By":[129],"integrating":[130],"both":[131],"methods,":[132],"we":[133],"drastically":[134],"reduce":[135],"computational":[136],"costs":[137],"while":[138],"achieving":[139],"92%":[140],"expert":[142],"performance":[144],"diverse":[146],"environments,":[147],"effectively":[148],"combining":[149],"complementary":[151],"strengths":[152],"data-driven":[154],"model-based":[156],"approaches.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}
