{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7136417576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015","title":"Urban Traffic Carbon Emission Modelling via Random Forest: Feature Importance and Effects of Sensors","display_name":"Urban Traffic Carbon Emission Modelling via Random Forest: Feature Importance and Effects of Sensors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7136417576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129578417","display_name":"Hongxu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158570","display_name":"Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04jth1r26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005339778","display_name":"Qishen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-4111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158570","display_name":"Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04jth1r26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qishen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113164479","display_name":"Bugao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21620634","display_name":"Toyo Engineering (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjr0894","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bugao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENJOYOR Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENJOYOR Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21620634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123705934","display_name":"Hongjun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101346972","display_name":"Zhengyi Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou,China,310058"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zheng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110427088","display_name":"Sunhong Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158570","display_name":"Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04jth1r26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University,Haining,China,314400","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.29789999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.29789999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.29490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.16449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.2402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.2393999993801117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2393999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23810000717639923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.23270000517368317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2150000035762787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc60802.2025.11423015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5090974569320679},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49442964792251587}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8926771145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52131202,72350710798","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561324350","https://openalex.org/W1929643165","https://openalex.org/W2002102776","https://openalex.org/W2087027725","https://openalex.org/W2996388770","https://openalex.org/W3161558690","https://openalex.org/W3202914192","https://openalex.org/W4386258030","https://openalex.org/W4399716473","https://openalex.org/W4400762160"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,60,73,93,115,156,159],"rapid":[2],"increase":[3],"in":[4],"vehicle":[5,100],"ownership,":[6],"urban":[7],"traffic":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,54,69],"major":[12],"source":[13],"of":[14,64,67,80,96,158],"carbon":[15,56],"emissions,":[16],"highlighting":[17],"urgent":[19],"need":[20],"for":[21,38],"effective":[22,39],"emission":[23,57,119],"control":[24],"strategies.":[25],"Accurately":[26],"estimating":[27],"traffic-related":[28],"emissions":[29],"at":[30],"high":[31],"spatial":[32],"and":[33,109,121,134],"temporal":[34],"resolution":[35],"is":[36],"essential":[37],"mitigation":[40],"strategies,":[41],"yet":[42],"remains":[43],"challenging":[44],"due":[45],"to":[46,91],"data":[47,129,141,148],"constraints.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"study,":[51],"we":[52,85,126,154],"propose":[53],"mesoscopic":[55],"model":[58,161],"utilizing":[59],"well-established":[61],"open":[62],"dataset":[63],"naturalistic":[65],"trajectories":[66],"half":[68],"million":[70],"vehicles":[71],"from":[72,130],"pNEUMA,":[74],"achieving":[75],"an":[76],"ideal":[77],"estimation":[78,151],"error":[79],"13.8%.":[81],"To":[82],"enhance":[83],"interpretability,":[84],"apply":[86],"SHapley":[87],"Additive":[88],"exPlanations":[89],"(SHAP)":[90],"assess":[92,155],"relative":[94],"importance":[95],"key":[97],"features,":[98],"including":[99],"density,":[101],"road":[102],"segment":[103],"length,":[104],"average":[105,107],"speed,":[106],"acceleration,":[108],"acceleration":[110],"variance.":[111],"We":[112],"also":[113,127],"explore":[114],"functional":[116],"relationships":[117],"between":[118],"levels":[120],"these":[122],"dynamic":[123],"variables.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"simulate":[128],"real-world":[131],"sensor":[132],"environments":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"integrating":[137],"Connected":[138],"Vehicle":[139],"(CV)":[140],"with":[142],"Automatic":[143],"Number":[144],"Plate":[145],"Recognition":[146],"(ANPR)":[147],"significantly":[149],"improves":[150],"accuracy.":[152],"Finally,":[153],"generalizability":[157],"proposed":[160],"across":[162],"different":[163],"scenarios.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}
