{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408713148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175","title":"Synset Signset Germany: a Synthetic Dataset for German Traffic Sign Recognition","display_name":"Synset Signset Germany: a Synthetic Dataset for German Traffic Sign Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408713148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.05936","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106356724","display_name":"Anne Sielemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Sielemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116739380","display_name":"Lena Loercher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018473509","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvqha10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018473509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Loercher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPA,Stuttgart,Germany,70569"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPA,Stuttgart,Germany,70569","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018473509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107853570","display_name":"M. Schumacher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018473509","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvqha10","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018473509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max-Lion Schumacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IPA,Stuttgart,Germany,70569"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IPA,Stuttgart,Germany,70569","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018473509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023854099","display_name":"S. Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-8798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051047322","display_name":"Masoud Roschani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Roschani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013155701","display_name":"Jens Ziehn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-1903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Ziehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073930300","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Beyerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-7181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juergen Beyerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78367453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3383","last_page":"3390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.7592422962188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.605740487575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5631738305091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.5202299952507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.5108067989349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4654354155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35799023509025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14128974080085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.097042977809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.06958523392677307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7592422962188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.605740487575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5631738305091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.5202299952507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.5108067989349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4654354155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35799023509025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14128974080085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.097042977809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06958523392677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.05936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05936","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.05936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/485801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/485801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.05936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05936","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.05936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1566134554","https://openalex.org/W1977610018","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2079854881","https://openalex.org/W2084663230","https://openalex.org/W2086002527","https://openalex.org/W2111502429","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2129987407","https://openalex.org/W2140126736","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2150581781","https://openalex.org/W2151532744","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2397830550","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2884742922","https://openalex.org/W2902861512","https://openalex.org/W2903456157","https://openalex.org/W2962951509","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963730616","https://openalex.org/W3008659207","https://openalex.org/W3046848563","https://openalex.org/W3180297163","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4385694451","https://openalex.org/W4401416260","https://openalex.org/W4403331670","https://openalex.org/W6640904608","https://openalex.org/W6728406237","https://openalex.org/W6747438826","https://openalex.org/W6767699246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W2772251146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60,126],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,89,135],"present":[4],"a":[5,104,129,132,176],"synthesis":[6],"pipeline":[7],"and":[8,28,37,42,56,74,120,131,145,171],"dataset":[9,99],"for":[10,149],"training":[11],"/":[12],"testing":[13],"data":[14],"in":[15,67,172],"the":[16,24,48,62,68,79,83,141,154,163],"task":[17],"of":[18,26,70,81,106,109,156,158],"traffic":[19,44,96,113,124,179],"sign":[20,45,97,114,180],"recognition":[21,98,181],"that":[22],"combines":[23],"advantages":[25],"data-driven":[27,35],"analytical":[29,49],"modeling:":[30],"GAN-based":[31],"texture":[32],"generation":[33],"enables":[34],"dirt":[36],"wear":[38],"artifacts,":[39],"rendering":[40],"unique":[41],"realistic":[43],"surfaces,":[46],"while":[47],"scene":[50],"modulation":[51],"achieves":[52],"physically":[53],"correct":[54],"lighting":[55],"allows":[57],"detailed":[58],"parameterization.":[59],"particular,":[61],"latter":[63],"opens":[64],"up":[65],"applications":[66],"context":[69],"explainable":[71],"AI":[72],"(XAI)":[73],"robustness":[75],"tests":[76],"due":[77],"to":[78,85,128,174],"possibility":[80],"evaluating":[82],"sensitivity":[84],"parameter":[86],"changes,":[87],"which":[88],"demonstrate":[90],"with":[91],"experiments.":[92],"Our":[93],"resulting":[94],"synthetic":[95,178],"Synset":[100,159],"Signset":[101,160],"Germany":[102,161],"contains":[103],"total":[105],"105500":[107],"images":[108],"211":[110],"different":[111],"German":[112,165],"classes,":[115],"including":[116,140],"newly":[117],"published":[118],"(2020)":[119],"thus":[121],"comparatively":[122],"rare":[123],"signs.":[125],"addition":[127],"mask":[130],"segmentation":[133],"image,":[134],"also":[136],"provide":[137],"extensive":[138],"metadata":[139],"stochastically":[142],"selected":[143],"environment":[144],"imaging":[146],"effect":[147],"parameters":[148],"each":[150],"image.":[151],"We":[152],"evaluate":[153],"degree":[155],"realism":[157],"on":[162],"real-world":[164],"Traffic":[166],"Sign":[167],"Recognition":[168],"Benchmark":[169],"(GTSRB)":[170],"comparison":[173],"CATERED,":[175],"state-of-the-art":[177],"dataset.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-03-22T00:00:00"}
