{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391769454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703","title":"One Bus is All it Takes: The Impact of Cyber Attacks in Customised Bus Services","display_name":"One Bus is All it Takes: The Impact of Cyber Attacks in Customised Bus Services","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391769454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/68957670/ITSC2023_0258_FI.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081949470","display_name":"Rongge Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongge Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038613570","display_name":"Alexandros Nikitas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Nikitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686924","display_name":"Simon Parkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086585008","display_name":"Mauro Vallati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Vallati","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield,Hudders-field,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Hudders-field, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59652451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5784","last_page":"5789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6050488352775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5789104104042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36679592728614807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6050488352775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5789104104042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36679592728614807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dfa73f4a-9c2e-4886-b3fe-78b4a4773ba7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/dfa73f4a-9c2e-4886-b3fe-78b4a4773ba7","pdf_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/68957670/ITSC2023_0258_FI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Guo, R, Nikitas, A, Parkinson, S & Vallati, M 2024, One Bus Is All It Takes : The Impact of Cyber Attacks in Customised Bus Services. in Proceedings of 26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems : ITSC 2023., 10422703, International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), IEEE, pp. 5784-5789, 26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Bilbao, Spain, 24/09/23. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422703","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dfa73f4a-9c2e-4886-b3fe-78b4a4773ba7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/dfa73f4a-9c2e-4886-b3fe-78b4a4773ba7","pdf_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/68957670/ITSC2023_0258_FI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Guo, R, Nikitas, A, Parkinson, S & Vallati, M 2024, One Bus Is All It Takes : The Impact of Cyber Attacks in Customised Bus Services. in Proceedings of 26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems : ITSC 2023., 10422703, International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), IEEE, pp. 5784-5789, 26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Bilbao, Spain, 24/09/23. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422703","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391769454.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391769454.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083756892","https://openalex.org/W2103318094","https://openalex.org/W2593182419","https://openalex.org/W2904792324","https://openalex.org/W2949528858","https://openalex.org/W2974803662","https://openalex.org/W2995732397","https://openalex.org/W3038819935","https://openalex.org/W3094282626","https://openalex.org/W3128145953","https://openalex.org/W3152928709","https://openalex.org/W3156066022","https://openalex.org/W3175984392","https://openalex.org/W4211023624","https://openalex.org/W4225948740","https://openalex.org/W4226107069","https://openalex.org/W4308080995","https://openalex.org/W4319839779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connected":[0],"and":[1,18,22,45,57,66,121,126,169,184,194],"Autonomous":[2],"Vehicle":[3],"(CAV)":[4],"technologies":[5],"have":[6],"the":[7,63,73,84,97,123,129,133,173,180,189,196,204],"potential":[8,74],"to":[9,30,54,61,150,158],"revolutionise":[10],"public":[11],"transport":[12,64,80],"systems,":[13],"making":[14],"them":[15],"more":[16],"financially":[17],"environmentally":[19],"sustainable,":[20],"accessible,":[21],"user-centric.":[23],"However,":[24],"CAV-based":[25,192],"bus":[26,89],"services":[27],"are":[28],"vulnerable":[29],"cyber":[31,186],"attacks":[32,187],"manifesting":[33],"in":[34,86,103,119,153,165,188,202],"unwanted,":[35],"deceitful":[36,77,101],"behaviour.":[37],"This":[38,68],"includes":[39],"behaviours":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"suppression,":[43],"overloading,":[44],"substitution,":[46],"which":[47],"could":[48],"be":[49],"used":[50],"by":[51,82],"malicious":[52],"actors":[53],"disrupt":[55],"service":[56],"cause":[58],"significant":[59],"damage":[60],"both":[62],"operator":[65],"passengers.":[67],"paper":[69],"raises":[70],"awareness":[71],"about":[72],"impact":[75,98],"of":[76,99,156,182,191],"behaviour":[78],"on":[79],"systems":[81],"instantiating":[83],"ideas":[85],"a":[87,100,145,151,199],"customised":[88],"system":[90],"example.":[91],"More":[92],"specifically,":[93],"this":[94],"work":[95],"evaluates":[96],"vehicle":[102,147],"Customised":[104],"Bus":[105],"(CB)":[106],"services,":[107],"when":[108,172],"considering":[109],"(i)":[110],"different":[111],"customer":[112],"demand":[113],"profiles,":[114],"(ii)":[115],"at":[116,143],"what":[117],"point":[118],"planning":[120],"control":[122],"attack":[124,141,174],"occurs,":[125],"(iii)":[127],"whether":[128],"controller":[130],"has":[131],"detected":[132],"attack.":[134],"Our":[135],"empirical":[136],"analysis":[137],"shows":[138],"how":[139],"an":[140,163],"aimed":[142],"compromising":[144],"single":[146],"can":[148],"lead":[149],"surge":[152],"operating":[154],"costs":[155],"up":[157],"48%.":[159],"Further,":[160],"there":[161],"is":[162],"increase":[164],"cost,":[166],"distance":[167],"travelled,":[168],"unserved":[170],"passengers":[171],"goes":[175],"undetected.":[176],"The":[177],"results":[178],"underscore":[179],"importance":[181],"preventing":[183],"detecting":[185],"deployment":[190],"solutions":[193],"emphasise":[195],"need":[197],"for":[198],"proactive":[200],"approach":[201],"managing":[203],"associated":[205],"risks.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}