{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391768711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567","title":"Passenger Spoofing Attack for Artificial Intelligence-based Mobility-as-a-Service","display_name":"Passenger Spoofing Attack for Artificial Intelligence-based Mobility-as-a-Service","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391768711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088633236","display_name":"Kai-Fung Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Fung Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062362866","display_name":"Weisi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088633236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77151699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4874","last_page":"4880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9031000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9031000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6512482762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6120080947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5113679766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5027799606323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39228227734565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12849444150924683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6512482762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6120080947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5113679766654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5027799606323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39228227734565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12849444150924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788532884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V039164/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6298090864","display_name":"Mobility as a service: MAnaging Cybersecurity Risks across Consumers, Organisations and Sectors (MACRO)","funder_award_id":"EP/V039164/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8452545418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2521105011","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2769914502","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2956452632","https://openalex.org/W2973688650","https://openalex.org/W2990518755","https://openalex.org/W3014834477","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W3127561923","https://openalex.org/W3131988611","https://openalex.org/W3137922222","https://openalex.org/W3149032129","https://openalex.org/W4297825594","https://openalex.org/W4384927918","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6696497002","https://openalex.org/W6739088070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W3153057489","https://openalex.org/W2895823926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobility-as-a-Service":[0],"(MaaS),":[1],"a":[2,189],"new":[3],"mobility":[4,10],"service":[5],"model":[6],"that":[7,122,159],"integrates":[8],"multiple":[9],"providers,":[11],"relies":[12],"on":[13,38,94,119,145],"many":[14],"data":[15,71,106],"processing":[16],"technologies":[17,29],"to":[18,30,35,53,72,107,124,150],"manage":[19],"multi-modal":[20],"transport.":[21],"Artificial":[22],"Intelligence":[23],"(AI)":[24],"is":[25,117],"one":[26],"of":[27,64,80,166,184],"the":[28,32,54,59,62,78,87,95,129,152,160,167,171,180,185],"improve":[31],"services":[33],"matching":[34],"passengers":[36,101],"based":[37,118,144],"their":[39,74],"implicit":[40],"experience":[41,66],"and":[42,67,131,182,191],"preference.":[43],"However,":[44],"incorporating":[45],"AI":[46],"into":[47],"MaaS":[48,130],"may":[49,57],"also":[50],"introduce":[51],"loopholes":[52],"system.":[55],"One":[56],"use":[58],"loophole":[60],"in":[61,91,98,111,175],"heterogeneity":[63],"passenger":[65,126,139],"preference":[68],"by":[69,104,134],"falsifying":[70,105,138],"prioritize":[73],"journey,":[75],"which":[76,99],"jeopardizes":[77],"trustworthiness":[79],"MaaS.":[81,193],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,177],"investigate":[86],"cyber":[88,172],"security":[89,173],"risks":[90,174,186],"MaaS,":[92,176],"focusing":[93],"spoofing":[96,115,153],"attack":[97,116,161],"malicious":[100],"are":[102],"prioritized":[103],"gain":[108],"an":[109],"advantage":[110],"journey":[112],"planning.":[113],"The":[114,155],"reinforcement":[120],"learning":[121],"learns":[123],"reduce":[125,163],"satisfaction":[127],"about":[128,164],"its":[132],"profit":[133],"requesting":[135],"travel":[136],"with":[137],"states.":[140],"We":[141],"conduct":[142],"experiments":[143],"New":[146],"York":[147],"City":[148],"dataset":[149],"evaluate":[151],"attack.":[154],"experiment":[156],"results":[157],"indicate":[158],"can":[162],"70%":[165],"profit.":[168],"By":[169],"investigating":[170],"could":[178],"enhance":[179],"knowledge":[181],"understanding":[183],"for":[187],"building":[188],"secure":[190],"trustworthy":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}