{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391769823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279","title":"Federated Reinforcement Learning for Consumers Privacy Protection in Mobility-as-a-Service","display_name":"Federated Reinforcement Learning for Consumers Privacy Protection in Mobility-as-a-Service","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391769823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21107","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088633236","display_name":"Kai-Fung Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4138-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Fung Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062362866","display_name":"Weisi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University,Bedford,UK,MK43 0AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088633236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73612127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6631131172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6274689435958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.5764939785003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5527037978172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.522087037563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4991171360015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.48871564865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2620549201965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17732039093971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08517411351203918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6631131172180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274689435958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.5764939785003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5527037978172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.522087037563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4991171360015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.48871564865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2620549201965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17732039093971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08517411351203918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788532884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V039164/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6298090864","display_name":"Mobility as a service: MAnaging Cybersecurity Risks across Consumers, Organisations and Sectors (MACRO)","funder_award_id":"EP/V039164/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8452545418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1567397627","https://openalex.org/W1971458058","https://openalex.org/W2031128290","https://openalex.org/W2091456690","https://openalex.org/W2732194751","https://openalex.org/W2769914502","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2956452632","https://openalex.org/W2977010617","https://openalex.org/W3014834477","https://openalex.org/W3137922222","https://openalex.org/W3149032129","https://openalex.org/W4212984913","https://openalex.org/W4297825594","https://openalex.org/W4384927918","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6696497002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2905822832","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W4318485713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobility-as-a-Service":[0],"(MaaS)":[1],"offers":[2],"multi-modal":[3,92,158,191],"transport":[4],"modes":[5],"in":[6,54,155],"a":[7,45,56,63,81,113,137],"single":[8],"service":[9],"platform,":[10],"which":[11],"requires":[12],"tremendous":[13],"data":[14,24,53],"and":[15,130,169,176],"software":[16],"support.":[17],"Among":[18],"various":[19],"types":[20],"of":[21,51,126],"data,":[22],"consumers'":[23,72],"is":[25,153],"vulnerable":[26],"to":[27,40,70,112,163],"the":[28,37,41,49,60,88,100,108,122,150,156,164,189],"communication":[29],"channel":[30],"as":[31],"it":[32],"must":[33],"be":[34],"transmitted":[35],"from":[36,74,102],"consumer":[38,131,167],"end":[39],"MaaS.":[42],"Consumers":[43],"put":[44],"high":[46],"priority":[47],"on":[48,136,141],"privacy":[50,185],"their":[52],"selecting":[55],"service.":[57],"This":[58,179],"motivates":[59],"need":[61],"for":[62,68,87],"secure":[64],"information":[65,73,89,101,104,118],"management":[66],"system":[67],"MaaS":[69,128,157,170,190],"protect":[71],"leakage.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"federated":[82],"reinforcement":[83],"learning":[84],"(FRL)":[85],"approach":[86,98,152],"exchange":[90,119],"intensive":[91],"journey":[93,159,192],"planning":[94,160,193],"process.":[95,161],"The":[96,146],"FRL":[97,151],"protects":[99],"malicious":[103],"thieves":[105],"by":[106,173],"federating":[107],"global":[109],"model":[110],"training":[111],"local":[114],"one":[115],"without":[116],"sensitive":[117],"while":[120],"maintaining":[121],"same":[123],"solution":[124],"quality":[125],"enhancing":[127],"profit":[129,171],"satisfaction.":[132],"We":[133],"perform":[134],"experiments":[135],"test":[138],"case":[139],"based":[140],"New":[142],"York":[143],"City":[144],"data.":[145],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"effective":[154],"Compared":[162],"baseline":[165],"approaches,":[166],"satisfaction":[168],"increase":[172],"about":[174],"12%":[175],"74%,":[177],"respectively.":[178],"pilot":[180],"study":[181],"not":[182],"only":[183],"provides":[184],"protection":[186],"insight":[187],"into":[188],"but":[194],"also":[195],"other":[196],"privacy-concern":[197],"applications.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}