{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391768611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153","title":"Safety Standards for Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges and Way Forward","display_name":"Safety Standards for Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges and Way Forward","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391768611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093917614","display_name":"Elias Nassif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Nassif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062628500","display_name":"Hanlin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060110055","display_name":"Eduardo Candela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-185X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Candela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036025278","display_name":"Yuxiang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037312929","display_name":"Panagiotis Angeloudis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-8264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Angeloudis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031769699","display_name":"Washington Y. Ochieng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-8746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799890334","display_name":"Transport for London","ror":"https://ror.org/03vnshb93","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799730521","https://openalex.org/I2799890334"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Washington Y. Ochieng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,Centre for Transport Studies,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,London,United Kingdom,SW7 2AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799890334","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88641246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3004","last_page":"3009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9239000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5567206144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-safety","display_name":"Vehicle safety","score":0.5232009887695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35834187269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.33078527450561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23294347524642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.22550654411315918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5567206144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986542766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2090494","display_name":"Vehicle safety","level":2,"score":0.5232009887695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35834187269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.33078527450561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23294347524642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.22550654411315918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc57777.2023.10422153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W2240086230","https://openalex.org/W2594367393","https://openalex.org/W2801015021","https://openalex.org/W2899666788","https://openalex.org/W2919153987","https://openalex.org/W2963657083","https://openalex.org/W2970450457","https://openalex.org/W2991501130","https://openalex.org/W2996048612","https://openalex.org/W3024414633","https://openalex.org/W4214869753","https://openalex.org/W4230663951","https://openalex.org/W4232615841","https://openalex.org/W4240672450","https://openalex.org/W4245967024","https://openalex.org/W4306939806","https://openalex.org/W4308572440","https://openalex.org/W4353056919","https://openalex.org/W4376526972","https://openalex.org/W4379538621","https://openalex.org/W4386121868","https://openalex.org/W4391771594","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6760253338","https://openalex.org/W6771277597","https://openalex.org/W7001060374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,118],"examines":[2],"current":[3],"autonomous":[4],"vehicle":[5],"(AV)":[6],"safety":[7,42,76,79,135],"standards":[8,59,112],"and":[9,15,26,65,83,113,126,131,138],"identifies":[10],"gaps":[11,64],"in":[12,48],"their":[13],"scope":[14],"depth.":[16],"It":[17,31],"is":[18,100],"the":[19,36,41,89,104,108,122],"first":[20],"to":[21,39,53,68,96,106],"present":[22],"a":[23,46],"thorough":[24],"review":[25],"critique":[27],"of":[28,43,58,91,110,124],"such":[29],"standards.":[30],"suggests":[32],"that":[33],"they":[34],"lack":[35],"necessary":[37],"guidance":[38],"ensure":[40],"AVs,":[44],"causing":[45],"bottleneck":[47],"transitioning":[49],"from":[50],"AV":[51,111],"development":[52],"public":[54],"adoption.":[55],"Primary":[56],"challenges":[57,99],"are":[60],"presented,":[61],"explicitly":[62],"covering":[63],"weaknesses":[66],"pertaining":[67],"AVs'":[69],"user-system":[70],"interactions,":[71],"operational":[72],"design":[73],"domains":[74],"(ODDs),":[75],"testing":[77],"methods,":[78],"metrics,":[80],"acceptance":[81],"criteria,":[82],"machine":[84],"learning":[85],"pit-":[86],"falls":[87],"across":[88],"lifecycle":[90],"AVs.":[92],"A":[93],"way":[94],"forward":[95],"address":[97],"these":[98],"also":[101],"proposed,":[102],"emphasising":[103],"need":[105],"decomplexify":[107],"ecosystem":[109],"promote":[114],"stake-holder":[115],"interdependence.":[116],"The":[117],"concludes":[119],"by":[120],"recognising":[121],"criticality":[123],"legislative":[125],"regulatory":[127],"frameworks":[128],"for":[129,133],"AVs":[130],"advocates":[132],"cohering":[134],"standards,":[136],"certification,":[137],"regulation.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
