{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308080979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510","title":"Injection Simulation: an Efficient Validation Framework for Autonomous Driving System","display_name":"Injection Simulation: an Efficient Validation Framework for Autonomous Driving System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308080979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607737","display_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088332182","display_name":"Tong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-4650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774271","display_name":"Shitao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9422-3058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shitao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039713999","display_name":"Kongtao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kongtao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085303559","display_name":"Rongyao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongyao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359745","display_name":"Ao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8866-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence,Ningbo,Zhejiang,P.R. China,315000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shunan Academy of Artificial Intelligence,Ningbo,Zhejiang,P.R. China,315000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047405956","display_name":"Nanning Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-8257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanning Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031227866","display_name":"Jingmin Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingmin Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Xi&#x0027;an,Shaanxi,P.R. China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088332182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6284508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"472","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7165241241455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6687034368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.575673520565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5396983027458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4809081554412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44847509264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.410513699054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2117287814617157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7165241241455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6687034368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.575673520565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5396983027458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4809081554412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44847509264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.410513699054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2117287814617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607737","display_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6668475023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773312,61790563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082690016","https://openalex.org/W2525717984","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2589930967","https://openalex.org/W2594107180","https://openalex.org/W2793574141","https://openalex.org/W2896196835","https://openalex.org/W2899710454","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2912798476","https://openalex.org/W2936459520","https://openalex.org/W2940793188","https://openalex.org/W2947731191","https://openalex.org/W2947742306","https://openalex.org/W2960661612","https://openalex.org/W2965287902","https://openalex.org/W2991414358","https://openalex.org/W3002075143","https://openalex.org/W3003225285","https://openalex.org/W3013577831","https://openalex.org/W3033041582","https://openalex.org/W3099881166","https://openalex.org/W3117590843","https://openalex.org/W3120584787","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6775472147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053103169","https://openalex.org/W1492749630","https://openalex.org/W1511844034","https://openalex.org/W2027454924","https://openalex.org/W2225035148","https://openalex.org/W4295941250","https://openalex.org/W2125686705","https://openalex.org/W1538106248","https://openalex.org/W2388625328","https://openalex.org/W4229042573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"a":[1,40,85,152,177],"simulation":[2,33,41,69,86,157,163,193],"environment":[3,158],"is":[4,92,115,139,187,208],"of":[5,27,56,68,76,98,164,194],"great":[6],"significance":[7],"for":[8,88,128],"realizing":[9],"efficient":[10],"and":[11,113,137,146,183,207,220],"low-cost":[12],"autonomous":[13,77,89,147,204],"driving":[14,78,205],"tests.":[15],"However,":[16],"even":[17],"expensive":[18],"3D":[19],"scene":[20,46,105],"rendering":[21],"methods":[22],"cannot":[23],"guarantee":[24],"the":[25,28,32,52,66,74,99,156,161,165,191,195],"authenticity":[26],"data":[29,70,172],"generated":[30],"in":[31,151,155],"system.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"we":[36,83],"expect":[37],"to":[38,50,61,65,72,117,141,149,159,189,210],"develop":[39],"platform":[42],"driven":[43],"by":[44],"real":[45,179],"data,":[47],"not":[48],"only":[49],"pursue":[51],"aesthetic":[53],"or":[54,123],"realism":[55],"visual":[57],"effects,":[58],"but":[59],"also":[60],"pay":[62],"more":[63],"attention":[64],"generation":[67,106,173],"needed":[71],"verify":[73],"effectiveness":[75],"systems.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"propose":[84],"framework":[87,100,200],"vehicles,":[90],"which":[91],"called":[93],"\u201cinjection":[94],"simulation\u201d.":[95],"The":[96,198],"innovations":[97],"include:":[101],"i)":[102],"A":[103,132,169],"joint":[104],"method":[107,174],"based":[108,175],"on":[109,176],"high-precision":[110],"semantic":[111],"map":[112,182],"SUMO":[114,138],"proposed":[116,188,199],"generate":[118],"various":[119],"complex":[120],"traffic":[121,143,185],"scenes":[122],"construct":[124],"\u201ccorner":[125],"cases\u201d":[126],"required":[127],"rapid":[129],"testing;":[130],"ii)":[131],"virtual":[133,184],"bridge":[134],"between":[135],"ROS":[136],"constructed":[140],"enable":[142],"flow":[144,186],"vehicles":[145,148],"interact":[150],"full-duplex":[153],"mode":[154],"achieve":[160],"injection":[162,192],"fusion":[166],"layer;":[167],"iii)":[168],"real-time":[170],"LiDAR":[171],"large-scale":[178],"point":[180],"cloud":[181],"realize":[190],"perception":[196],"layer.":[197],"can":[201],"effectively":[202],"test":[203,213],"algorithms,":[206],"easy":[209],"implement":[211],"different":[212],"modes":[214],"such":[215],"as":[216],"Software-in-the":[217],"loop":[218],"(SiL)":[219],"Vehicle-in-the-loop":[221],"(ViL).":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
