{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308080469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849","title":"Modeling and Managing an On-Demand Meal Delivery System with Mixed Autonomy","display_name":"Modeling and Managing an On-Demand Meal Delivery System with Mixed Autonomy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308080469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607737","display_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012825440","display_name":"Anke Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9267-9982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anke Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005339778","display_name":"Qishen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-4111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qishen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352191","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7391-6522"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Aviation Fuel Group Ltd.,Department of Procurement Management,Beijing,China,100088"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Aviation Fuel Group Ltd.,Department of Procurement Management,Beijing,China,100088","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433622","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7994-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Management Science Engineering, Columbia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Management Science Engineering, Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066005335","display_name":"Zhuge Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuge Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,Department of Civil Engineering,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,Department of Civil Engineering,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362080","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073230220","display_name":"Michael G.H. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-065X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael G.H. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026554767","display_name":"Jyotirmoyee Bhattacharjya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotirmoyee Bhattacharjya","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney,Ports and Maritime Logistics in the Institute of Transport and Logistics,NSW,Australia,2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036095734","display_name":"Shenglin Ben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-9698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105126617","display_name":"Zhejiang International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwvvq12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105126617"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenglin Ben","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University International Business School (ZIBS), Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University International Business School (ZIBS), Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105126617","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031896665","display_name":"Xiqun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Zhejiang,China,310058"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Zhejiang,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010818843","display_name":"Simon Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-6679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China,310058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012825440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34946411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2007","last_page":"2012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-delivery-framework","display_name":"Service delivery framework","score":0.576143741607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5256551504135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5149203538894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4928419589996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-quality","display_name":"Service quality","score":0.48184001445770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4682992994785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-system","display_name":"Service system","score":0.4587149918079376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.45642372965812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.42550498247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.4249947667121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage","display_name":"Wage","score":0.41107118129730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35996925830841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.33663296699523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.27518072724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.18948400020599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.1309201717376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics","display_name":"Labour economics","score":0.12638133764266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11289191246032715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.576143741607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5256551504135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5149203538894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4928419589996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.48184001445770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4682992994785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15587899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455812","display_name":"Service system","level":3,"score":0.4587149918079376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.45642372965812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42550498247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4249947667121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.41107118129730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35996925830841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33663296699523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.27518072724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18948400020599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1309201717376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.12638133764266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11289191246032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607737","display_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1799288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1799288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2549510740","https://openalex.org/W2154017244","https://openalex.org/W2168158826","https://openalex.org/W1969008554","https://openalex.org/W2328609219","https://openalex.org/W2753893905","https://openalex.org/W2808736867","https://openalex.org/W2034170328","https://openalex.org/W3012822718","https://openalex.org/W2259637914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,15,23,28,36,40,43,45,49,54,61,70,96,106,109,162,192],"on-demand":[4],"meal":[5],"delivery":[6,56,84,147,206],"system":[7,24],"with":[8,83,202],"mixed":[9,193],"autonomy.":[10],"We":[11],"have":[12,187],"explored":[13],"how":[14],"future":[16],"implementation":[17],"of":[18,31,52,130,138,144,169,205],"autonomous":[19],"vehicles":[20],"(AVs)":[21],"in":[22,39,180,191,197],"will":[25],"affects":[26],"demand,":[27],"labor":[29],"market":[30,100,163],"human":[32],"couriers":[33],"(HCs),":[34],"and":[35,60,72,86,113,149,186],"service":[37,46,110,151],"provider":[38,47],"system.":[41,97],"In":[42,67],"system,":[44],"determines":[48],"fleet":[50],"size":[51],"AVs,":[53,145],"average":[55,62],"price":[57],"for":[58,65,95],"customers,":[59,112,171],"hourly":[63],"wage":[64],"HCs.":[66,114],"response":[68],"to":[69,80,93,104,124,141],"operation":[71],"pricing":[73],"strategies,":[74],"customers":[75,196],"decide":[76,89],"whether":[77,90],"or":[78,91],"not":[79,92],"order":[81],"meals":[82],"services,":[85],"potential":[87,170],"HCs":[88],"work":[94],"Therefore,":[98],"a":[99,135,154,166,188],"model":[101],"is":[102,122,158],"proposed":[103],"capture":[105],"interactions":[107],"among":[108],"provider,":[111],"An":[115],"adaptive":[116],"particle":[117],"swarm":[118],"optimization":[119],"(APSO)":[120],"algorithm":[121],"adopted":[123],"find":[125,173],"optimal":[126],"solutions.":[127],"The":[128],"results":[129],"numerical":[131],"experiments":[132],"show":[133],"that":[134,174],"lower":[136],"cost":[137],"AVs":[139,175],"leads":[140],"higher":[142,189],"penetration":[143],"lowered":[146],"price,":[148],"improved":[150,203],"quality.":[152],"As":[153],"result,":[155],"expanded":[156],"demand":[157],"expected.":[159],"By":[160],"comparing":[161],"outcomes":[164],"under":[165],"varying":[167],"number":[168],"we":[172],"are":[176,200],"considered":[177],"more":[178],"cost-efficient":[179],"densely":[181],"populated":[182],"areas":[183,199],"than":[184],"HCs,":[185],"percentage":[190],"fleet.":[194],"Henee,":[195],"those":[198],"served":[201],"quality":[204],"services.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
