{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208053941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","title":"Bus Load Factor Analysis Based on Smart Card Data and Survey Data","display_name":"Bus Load Factor Analysis Based on Smart Card Data and Survey Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208053941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","mag":"3208053941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053703036","display_name":"Yuyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127216","display_name":"Ministry of Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/031wq1t38","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Transport, P.R. China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology and Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Transport, P.R. China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology and Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127216","https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747131","display_name":"Peiyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047568695","display_name":"Mengyang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-5918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhundian Public transport Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhundian Public transport Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088027552","display_name":"Minhe Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111029936","display_name":"Shuyan Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71712717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2318","last_page":"2323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.6882055401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.6678653955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6262435913085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5393298864364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4673507511615753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding","display_name":"Crowding","score":0.45875290036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.4474034607410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dedicated-line","display_name":"Dedicated line","score":0.41570985317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3661622405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3388567566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3365126848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3244571387767792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17278939485549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12822973728179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10030370950698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08726710081100464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.6882055401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.6678653955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6262435913085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5393298864364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4673507511615753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149333683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189188","display_name":"Crowding","level":2,"score":0.45875290036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.4474034607410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153565559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330575","display_name":"Dedicated line","level":2,"score":0.41570985317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3661622405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3388567566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3365126848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3244571387767792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17278939485549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12822973728179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10030370950698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08726710081100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5738884649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1600900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8583788296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KM201810005017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321572","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321572","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321913","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535115344","https://openalex.org/W1997777413","https://openalex.org/W2085481419","https://openalex.org/W2147065425","https://openalex.org/W2283391104","https://openalex.org/W2556421247","https://openalex.org/W2586155987","https://openalex.org/W2899623569","https://openalex.org/W2966685404","https://openalex.org/W2996348273","https://openalex.org/W3048211395","https://openalex.org/W6632039586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W2179452086","https://openalex.org/W2944614267","https://openalex.org/W2903610088","https://openalex.org/W1965440973","https://openalex.org/W4309525747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"transit":[1],"is":[2,17,51,91,174,195,225],"the":[3,10,14,21,48,54,64,71,75,93,99,103,106,109,114,131,141,144,147,158,169,177,185,188,200,208,223,237,242,249,256,273],"main":[4],"travel":[5,15],"mode":[6],"for":[7],"residents.":[8],"With":[9],"development":[11],"of":[12,39,96,123,146,192,212,219,259,276],"city,":[13],"demand":[16],"increasing":[18],"faster":[19],"than":[20,199,217,227,240],"bus":[22,26,31,124,136],"service":[23],"supply.":[24],"The":[25,30,118,203,245],"becomes":[27],"increasingly":[28],"crowded.":[29],"load":[32,55,125,205,260,265],"factor":[33,56,126,206,266],"could":[34],"be":[35,79,128],"a":[36,232],"key":[37],"indicator":[38],"balance":[40],"between":[41,53],"supply":[42],"and":[43,63,113,121,207,222,262],"demand.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,193],"paper,":[47],"coupling":[49],"relationship":[50],"constructed":[52],"calculated":[57],"based":[58,86],"on":[59,87,236,241,272],"smart":[60,88,163],"card":[61,89,164],"data":[62,90],"crowding":[65,76],"degree":[66],"perceived":[67],"by":[68],"passenger":[69,274],"from":[70,157,180],"survey":[72,159,181,186],"data.":[73,160,182],"And":[74],"threshold":[77],"can":[78,127,253],"accordingly":[80],"obtained.":[81],"Then,":[82],"an":[83,270],"evaluation":[84,132,251],"system":[85,94,252],"proposed,":[92],"consists":[95],"five":[97],"indexes:":[98],"time":[100],"unbalance":[101,111,116,210],"coefficient,":[102,105,108,172],"reliability":[104,122,224,267],"convenience":[107,171,190],"spatial":[110,209],"coefficient":[112,211],"directional":[115],"coefficient.":[117],"time-space":[119],"distribution":[120,257],"analyzed":[129],"through":[130],"system.":[133],"Taking":[134],"three":[135],"lines":[137],"in":[138],"Beijing":[139],"as":[140],"case":[142],"study,":[143],"results":[145,178,246],"index":[148],"analysis":[149],"are":[150,215],"consistent":[151],"with":[152,176],"passengers'":[153],"subjective":[154],"perception":[155,275],"obtained":[156,179],"According":[161,183],"to":[162,184],"data,":[165,187],"line":[166,194,213,220,228,238,243],"694":[167],"has":[168],"lowest":[170],"which":[173],"accordance":[175],"passengers":[189],"rating":[191,235],"also":[196],"significantly":[197],"lower":[198],"other":[201],"lines.":[202],"peak":[204],"465":[214,239],"higher":[216,233],"those":[218],"694,":[221],"better":[226],"694.":[229,244],"Passengers":[230],"have":[231,269],"comfort":[234],"show":[247],"that":[248,264],"established":[250],"quantitatively":[254],"evaluate":[255],"characteristics":[258],"factor,":[261],"verify":[263],"will":[268],"impact":[271],"crowding.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}