{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115827299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","title":"A Knowledge Architecture Layer for Map Data in Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"A Knowledge Architecture Layer for Map Data in Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115827299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","mag":"3115827299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050793822","display_name":"Haonan Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-1418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283382300","display_name":"BMW (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05vs9tj88","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW Car IT GmbH, Ulm, Germany","Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW Car IT GmbH, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088303217","display_name":"Adel Ayara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283382300","display_name":"BMW (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05vs9tj88","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Ayara","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW Car IT GmbH, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW Car IT GmbH, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037003772","display_name":"Birte Glimm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birte Glimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050793822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I196349391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76847731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7531369924545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6693226099014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6132473945617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6000304222106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5865561366081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5827064514160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-access-layer","display_name":"Data access layer","score":0.5162456035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5149255990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mapping","display_name":"Digital mapping","score":0.41896969079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.41037386655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.34568682312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2525433301925659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531369924545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6693226099014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6132473945617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6000304222106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5865561366081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5827064514160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20277647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227234","display_name":"Data access layer","level":3,"score":0.5162456035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5149255990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181672929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115141","display_name":"Digital mapping","level":2,"score":0.41896969079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41037386655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.34568682312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2525433301925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153886719","https://openalex.org/W2046263439","https://openalex.org/W2101125181","https://openalex.org/W2148014577","https://openalex.org/W2161227658","https://openalex.org/W2294131806","https://openalex.org/W2408574912","https://openalex.org/W2510089447","https://openalex.org/W2521687658","https://openalex.org/W2526217971","https://openalex.org/W2732601132","https://openalex.org/W2738168592","https://openalex.org/W2792754975","https://openalex.org/W2801166180","https://openalex.org/W2898887767","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W2967463572","https://openalex.org/W4206031975","https://openalex.org/W6633513001","https://openalex.org/W6714062350","https://openalex.org/W6741395868","https://openalex.org/W6756486208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W2162609722","https://openalex.org/W2154020768","https://openalex.org/W2103869494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"Driving":[1],"(AD)":[2],"systems":[3],"use":[4,102],"digital":[5,22],"maps":[6,23],"as":[7,33],"a":[8,51,65,84,89],"virtual":[9],"sensor":[10],"to":[11,25,54],"perceive":[12],"the":[13,16,19,56,96],"environment":[14],"around":[15],"car.":[17],"As":[18],"field":[20],"of":[21,95],"continues":[24],"evolve,":[26],"existing":[27],"solutions":[28],"face":[29],"new":[30,37],"challenges":[31],"such":[32],"integration":[34],"ability":[35],"for":[36,69,87,124],"map":[38,80,117],"formats":[39,82],"(e.g.,":[40],"High":[41],"Definition":[42],"maps),":[43],"supporting":[44],"onboard":[45,128],"and":[46,49,72,83,107,119,129],"offboard":[47,130],"deployment":[48],"providing":[50],"generic":[52,90],"interface":[53],"access":[55],"road":[57,91],"environmental":[58,70],"knowledge.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"knowledge":[66],"architecture":[67],"layer":[68],"modeling":[71,97],"distinguish":[73],"between":[74],"low-level":[75],"ontologies":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78],"various":[79],"data":[81,118],"high-level":[85],"ontology":[86],"representing":[88],"environment.":[92],"The":[93,111],"adequacy":[94],"is":[98,113],"validated":[99],"over":[100],"two":[101],"cases:":[103],"lane":[104],"change":[105],"notification":[106],"logical":[108],"inconsistency":[109],"detection.":[110],"performance":[112],"measured":[114],"using":[115],"real":[116],"it":[120],"shows":[121],"encouraging":[122],"results":[123],"future":[125],"development":[126],"within":[127],"systems.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}