{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011593774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","title":"Detecting Lane and Road Markings at A Distance with Perspective Transformer Layers","display_name":"Detecting Lane and Road Markings at A Distance with Perspective Transformer Layers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011593774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","mag":"3011593774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.08550","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103957092","display_name":"Zhuoping Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoping Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008235780","display_name":"Xiaozhou Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhou Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037625832","display_name":"Yuyao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6723-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011713040","display_name":"Wei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-0619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongii University,School of Automotive Studies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007977858","display_name":"Junqiao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-3255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqiao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University,Shanghai,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongii University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Vehicles, Tongii University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103957092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2944,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54867697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7580910921096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6894158720970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective-distortion","display_name":"Perspective distortion","score":0.5812715291976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5788301825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5711026191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5401282906532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4899860918521881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.48628008365631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.45752155780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4282605051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3544503152370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18087711930274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08830589056015015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7580910921096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6894158720970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779989122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15889487","display_name":"Perspective distortion","level":3,"score":0.5812715291976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5788301825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5711026191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5401282906532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4899860918521881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48628008365631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.45752155780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4282605051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3544503152370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18087711930274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08830589056015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.08550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.08550","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.08550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.08550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.08550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3011593774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.08550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.08550","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.08550","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011593774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011593774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2419448466","https://openalex.org/W2744404335","https://openalex.org/W2757356831","https://openalex.org/W2785872028","https://openalex.org/W2790264184","https://openalex.org/W2791753203","https://openalex.org/W2791763440","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2963013250","https://openalex.org/W2963292632","https://openalex.org/W2963404738","https://openalex.org/W2963611454","https://openalex.org/W2964199920","https://openalex.org/W2964238526","https://openalex.org/W2964332990","https://openalex.org/W2971262757","https://openalex.org/W2978864084","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113388212","https://openalex.org/W3005964676","https://openalex.org/W2792376672","https://openalex.org/W3101896960","https://openalex.org/W2964199920","https://openalex.org/W2943086675","https://openalex.org/W2069940231","https://openalex.org/W2790715811","https://openalex.org/W2773844302","https://openalex.org/W2526292973","https://openalex.org/W3042861724","https://openalex.org/W2593877874","https://openalex.org/W3136467941","https://openalex.org/W2554079827","https://openalex.org/W2185579034","https://openalex.org/W2943570982","https://openalex.org/W2890635226","https://openalex.org/W2589154259","https://openalex.org/W2956540074","https://openalex.org/W2895707844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"detection":[1,20,103,182],"of":[2,10,44,51,100,123,175],"lane":[3,36,52,87,101,180],"and":[4,37,49,53,61,88,91,104,119,169,190],"road":[5,38,54,89],"markings":[6,39,55,90],"is":[7,29,159,183],"a":[8,41,94,129],"task":[9],"great":[11],"importance":[12],"for":[13],"intelligent":[14],"vehicles.":[15],"In":[16],"existing":[17],"approaches,":[18],"the":[19,25,32,47,73,77,98,112,121,138,155,167,171,176],"accuracy":[21,99],"often":[22],"degrades":[23],"with":[24],"increasing":[26],"distance.":[27],"This":[28,135],"due":[30],"to":[31,71,82,127],"fact":[33],"that":[34],"distant":[35,86],"occupy":[40],"small":[42],"number":[43],"pixels":[45],"in":[46,115,179],"image,":[48],"scales":[50],"are":[56,149],"inconsistent":[57],"at":[58],"various":[59],"distances":[60],"perspectives.":[62],"The":[63,173],"Inverse":[64],"Perspective":[65],"Mapping":[66],"(IPM)":[67],"can":[68,80],"be":[69],"used":[70],"eliminate":[72],"perspective":[74],"distortion,":[75],"but":[76],"inherent":[78],"interpolation":[79],"lead":[81],"artifacts":[83,168],"especially":[84],"around":[85],"thus":[92,165],"has":[93],"negative":[95],"impact":[96],"on":[97,185],"marking":[102,181],"segmentation.":[105],"To":[106],"solve":[107],"this":[108],"problem,":[109],"we":[110],"adopt":[111],"Encoder-Decoder":[113],"architecture":[114],"Fully":[116],"Convolutional":[117],"Networks":[118,126],"leverage":[120],"idea":[122],"Spatial":[124],"Transformer":[125,152],"introduce":[128],"novel":[130],"semantic":[131],"segmentation":[132],"neural":[133],"network.":[134],"approach":[136],"decomposes":[137],"IPM":[139],"process":[140],"into":[141],"multiple":[142],"consecutive":[143],"differentiable":[144],"homography":[145],"transform":[146],"layers,":[147],"which":[148],"called":[150],"\u201cPerspective":[151],"Layers":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"interpolated":[156],"feature":[157],"map":[158],"refined":[160],"by":[161],"subsequent":[162],"convolutional":[163],"layers\u201d":[164],"reducing":[166],"improving":[170],"accuracy.":[172],"effectiveness":[174],"proposed":[177],"method":[178],"validated":[184],"two":[186],"public":[187],"datasets:":[188],"TuSimple":[189],"ApolloScape.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}