{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991034038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","title":"Infrared Reflectance Requirements of Metal Guardrail Surrogates for the Evaluation of Vehicle Road Departure Mitigation Systems","display_name":"Infrared Reflectance Requirements of Metal Guardrail Surrogates for the Evaluation of Vehicle Road Departure Mitigation Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991034038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","mag":"2991034038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412940","display_name":"Lin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010326847","display_name":"Abir Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-4003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abir Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053168859","display_name":"Seeta Ram Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seeta Ram Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061279239","display_name":"Yaobin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-4083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaobin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045989076","display_name":"Stanley Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1492-9959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Active Safety Institution, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050191285","display_name":"Rini Sherony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093665","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0076knn86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rini Sherony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Safety Research Center, Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Safety Research Center, Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12898114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"3645","last_page":"3650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6763800382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6208564639091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6064997911453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5880140066146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46460384130477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.38720619678497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18286558985710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.16694197058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15056347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08472567796707153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6763800382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6208564639091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6064997911453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5880140066146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46460384130477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.38720619678497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18286558985710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.16694197058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15056347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08472567796707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54139361","https://openalex.org/W1617570115","https://openalex.org/W1829993234","https://openalex.org/W1970710023","https://openalex.org/W1982949329","https://openalex.org/W2099608844","https://openalex.org/W2120010140","https://openalex.org/W2120313864","https://openalex.org/W2145385876","https://openalex.org/W2146887604","https://openalex.org/W2152740802","https://openalex.org/W2159411209","https://openalex.org/W2563550276","https://openalex.org/W2565317800","https://openalex.org/W3203276063","https://openalex.org/W4214621395","https://openalex.org/W6638574204","https://openalex.org/W6642917027","https://openalex.org/W6677984021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,21,42,103,114,131],"the":[2,16,32,36,51,82,101,150,169,179,189,206,211],"U.S.":[3],"Department":[4],"of":[5,12,53,59,137,149,175,197],"Transportation":[6],"Federal":[7],"Highway":[8],"Administration,":[9],"over":[10],"half":[11],"vehicle-related":[13],"fatalities":[14],"on":[15,50],"US":[17,83],"roads":[18,80],"were":[19],"due":[20],"vehicle":[22,116],"road":[23,88,94,117],"departures.":[24,118],"The":[25,57],"Road":[26],"Departure":[27],"Mitigation":[28],"System":[29,40],"(RDMS)":[30],"is":[31,126,129,178,216],"latest":[33],"technology":[34],"in":[35,81,168],"Advanced":[37],"Driver":[38],"Assistive":[39],"(ADAS)":[41],"address":[43],"this":[44],"issue.":[45],"Existing":[46],"RDMSs":[47],"mostly":[48],"rely":[49],"presence":[52],"clear":[54,74,93],"lane":[55],"markings.":[56,77],"effectiveness":[58],"these":[60],"RDMS":[61,102,121,219],"might":[62],"be":[63,203],"lower":[64],"if":[65],"there":[66],"are":[67],"no":[68,73,92],"lane/road":[69,75],"edge":[70,76,89,95],"markings":[71],"or":[72,91,156],"Since":[78,119],"many":[79],"do":[84],"not":[85],"have":[86],"a":[87,112,133,185],"marking":[90],"marking,":[96],"it":[97,128],"becomes":[98],"necessary":[99],"for":[100,187,209,218],"use":[104],"roadside":[105,124,166,176],"objects":[106,125],"such":[107,159],"as":[108,111,160,205],"metal":[109,180,198,212],"guardrail":[110,213],"reference":[113],"detect":[115],"testing":[120,134],"with":[122,157],"real":[123,151],"difficult,":[127],"essential":[130,217],"create":[132],"environment":[135],"consisting":[136],"soft,":[138],"resilient":[139],"and":[140,162,193,221],"reusable":[141],"surrogates":[142],"that":[143,215],"can":[144,202],"mimic":[145],"all":[146],"representative":[147],"characteristics":[148,196],"object":[152,167],"when":[153],"inspected":[154],"visually":[155],"sensors":[158],"radar":[161],"LiDAR.":[163],"One":[164],"common":[165],"U.S,":[170],"which":[171],"occupies":[172],"almost":[173],"8.68%":[174],"space,":[177],"guardrail.":[181],"This":[182,200],"paper":[183],"illustrates":[184],"process":[186],"finding":[188],"Automotive":[190],"Light":[191],"Detection":[192],"Ranging":[194],"(LiDAR)":[195],"guardrails.":[199],"result":[201],"used":[204],"IR":[207],"specification":[208],"developing":[210],"surrogate":[214],"development":[220],"testing.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
