{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991627542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","title":"Computationally Efficient Safety Falsification of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems","display_name":"Computationally Efficient Safety Falsification of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991627542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","mag":"2991627542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1514806","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042291843","display_name":"Markus Koschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-4148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Markus Koschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005479279","display_name":"Christian Pek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-920X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Pek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078057640","display_name":"Sebastian Maierhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-0081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Maierhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005383495","display_name":"Matthias Althoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-842X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Althoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042291843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92051822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.9355373382568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6846407651901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.6693314909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5783314108848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-testing","display_name":"Scenario testing","score":0.5239884257316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-safety","display_name":"System safety","score":0.43134838342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3459112048149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3373425304889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33641281723976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20825108885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19857057929039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15048593282699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11661496758460999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.9355373382568359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6846407651901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.6693314909934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5783314108848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80519477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532236","display_name":"Scenario testing","level":3,"score":0.5239884257316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.43134838342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3459112048149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3373425304889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33641281723976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20825108885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19857057929039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15048593282699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11661496758460999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917287","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1514806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1514806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1514806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1514806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198091129","https://openalex.org/W618136976","https://openalex.org/W1509343160","https://openalex.org/W1521593906","https://openalex.org/W1819561190","https://openalex.org/W1971086298","https://openalex.org/W1980569135","https://openalex.org/W2000359213","https://openalex.org/W2079969625","https://openalex.org/W2091394760","https://openalex.org/W2091885296","https://openalex.org/W2100488636","https://openalex.org/W2107556430","https://openalex.org/W2111204826","https://openalex.org/W2112484799","https://openalex.org/W2119159364","https://openalex.org/W2122773086","https://openalex.org/W2123665586","https://openalex.org/W2124820636","https://openalex.org/W2172184261","https://openalex.org/W2488996366","https://openalex.org/W2561466143","https://openalex.org/W2623104250","https://openalex.org/W2736332383","https://openalex.org/W2740508249","https://openalex.org/W2753412571","https://openalex.org/W2869238384","https://openalex.org/W2890985821","https://openalex.org/W2891056855","https://openalex.org/W2898807502","https://openalex.org/W2904929882","https://openalex.org/W2962702177","https://openalex.org/W2963338863","https://openalex.org/W2970679500","https://openalex.org/W3020815002","https://openalex.org/W3105101790","https://openalex.org/W3163244177","https://openalex.org/W6619422590","https://openalex.org/W6755679267","https://openalex.org/W7033776453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285388621","https://openalex.org/W1924272368","https://openalex.org/W2771706547","https://openalex.org/W1983059685","https://openalex.org/W1607043069","https://openalex.org/W2108009824","https://openalex.org/W1983391308","https://openalex.org/W2787370237","https://openalex.org/W2991627542","https://openalex.org/W4389166872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Falsification":[0],"aims":[1],"to":[2,13,28,47,76,104,129],"disprove":[3],"the":[4,56,95,106,111,119,127],"safety":[5,17,30,92,120],"of":[6,16,38,94,113,121,131],"systems":[7,37,124],"by":[8,116],"providing":[9],"counter-examples":[10],"that":[11,55,130],"lead":[12],"a":[14,51,61],"violation":[15],"properties.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"work,":[21],"we":[22,73],"present":[23],"two":[24],"novel":[25],"falsification":[26],"methods":[27,42,115],"reveal":[29,91],"flaws":[31,93],"in":[32,71],"adaptive":[33],"cruise":[34],"control":[35],"(ACC)":[36],"automated":[39],"vehicles.":[40],"Our":[41],"use":[43],"rapidly-exploring":[44],"random":[45],"trees":[46],"generate":[48],"motions":[49],"for":[50],"leading":[52],"vehicle":[53],"such":[54],"ACC":[57,85,96,123],"under":[58,97],"test":[59,98],"causes":[60],"rear-end":[62],"collision.":[63],"By":[64],"considering":[65],"unsafe":[66],"states":[67],"and":[68,81,99,125],"searching":[69],"backward":[70],"time,":[72],"are":[74],"able":[75],"drastically":[77],"improve":[78,105],"computation":[79],"times":[80],"falsify":[82],"even":[83],"sophisticated":[84],"systems.":[86],"The":[87],"obtained":[88],"collision":[89],"scenarios":[90],"can":[100],"be":[101],"directly":[102],"used":[103],"system's":[107],"design.":[108],"We":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"benefits":[112],"our":[114],"successfully":[117],"falsifying":[118],"state-of-the-art":[122],"comparing":[126],"results":[128],"existing":[132],"approaches.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}