{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967769627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","title":"People Tracking by Cooperative Fusion of RADAR and Camera Sensors","display_name":"People Tracking by Cooperative Fusion of RADAR and Camera Sensors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967769627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","mag":"2967769627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8623169/file/8623170.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057761165","display_name":"Martin Dimitrievski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Dimitrievski","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003649784","display_name":"Lennert Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-2370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lennert Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068050252","display_name":"Peter Veelaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-9087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Veelaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071483672","display_name":"Wilfried Philips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilfried Philips","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELIN-IPI, Ghent University - imec, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057761165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72523477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"509","last_page":"514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7598327398300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7568429708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6990339756011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6408417820930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.6336113214492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5749076008796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5738416910171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.51677405834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5132358074188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.44514721632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4401931166648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43603166937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-plane","display_name":"Ground plane","score":0.41981983184814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.37749069929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.34308505058288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.2853274345397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.18828502297401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.09312990307807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07803860306739807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7598327398300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7568429708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990339756011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6408417820930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.6336113214492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5749076008796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5738416910171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.51677405834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5132358074188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.44514721632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4401931166648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43603166937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88764893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547722","display_name":"Ground plane","level":3,"score":0.41981983184814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.37749069929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.34308505058288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2853274345397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.18828502297401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.09312990307807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07803860306739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8623169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8623169","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8623169/file/8623170.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781538670248","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8623169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8623169","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8623169/file/8623170.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781538670248","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967769627.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967769627.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206198143","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031031248","https://openalex.org/W2038420319","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2124156864","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2170577464","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2225887246","https://openalex.org/W2343533670","https://openalex.org/W2745104261","https://openalex.org/W2885059024","https://openalex.org/W2892164467","https://openalex.org/W2910442875","https://openalex.org/W2952122856","https://openalex.org/W4317652822","https://openalex.org/W6620707391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2424544976","https://openalex.org/W2056268060","https://openalex.org/W1873103587","https://openalex.org/W1971552868","https://openalex.org/W2003347040","https://openalex.org/W3094329833","https://openalex.org/W2532810734","https://openalex.org/W1974311529","https://openalex.org/W2890563500","https://openalex.org/W2158327864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"3D":[1],"tracking":[2,29,50],"of":[3,14,34],"objects":[4],"from":[5,67],"monocular":[6],"camera":[7,69,132],"poses":[8],"challenges":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11],"the":[12,32,52,68,71,77,92,99,108,116,121,131,138,149,165],"loss":[13],"depth":[15],"during":[16],"projection.":[17],"Although":[18],"ranging":[19],"by":[20,64,103,106],"RADAR":[21,72,134],"has":[22,120],"proven":[23],"effective":[24],"in":[25,76,144,157,174],"highway":[26],"environments,":[27,148],"people":[28,49],"remains":[30],"beyond":[31],"capability":[33],"single":[35,145],"sensor":[36],"systems.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"a":[43,86,158],"cooperative":[44,166],"RADAR-camera":[45],"fusion":[46,167],"method":[47,151],"for":[48],"on":[51,91],"ground":[53],"plane.":[54],"Using":[55],"average":[56],"person":[57],"height,":[58],"joint":[59,78],"detection":[60,139],"likelihood":[61,110,118],"is":[62,136],"calculated":[63],"back-projecting":[65],"detections":[66,101],"onto":[70],"Range-Azimuth":[73],"data.":[74],"Peaks":[75],"likelihood,":[79],"representing":[80],"candidate":[81],"targets,":[82],"are":[83,96,126],"fed":[84],"into":[85],"Particle":[87],"Filter":[88],"tracker.":[89],"Depending":[90],"association":[93],"outcome,":[94],"particles":[95],"updated":[97],"using":[98],"associated":[100],"(Tracking":[102,112],"Detection),":[104],"or":[105,133],"sampling":[107],"raw":[109,117],"itself":[111],"Before":[113],"Detection).":[114],"Utilizing":[115],"data":[119],"advantage":[122],"that":[123,143,164],"lost":[124],"targets":[125],"continuously":[127],"tracked":[128],"even":[129,173],"if":[130],"signal":[135],"below":[137],"threshold.":[140],"We":[141],"show":[142],"target,":[146],"uncluttered":[147],"proposed":[150],"entirely":[152],"outperforms":[153],"camera-only":[154],"tracking.":[155],"Experiments":[156],"real-world":[159],"urban":[160],"environment":[161],"also":[162],"confirm":[163],"tracker":[168],"produces":[169],"significantly":[170],"better":[171],"estimates,":[172],"difficult":[175],"and":[176],"ambiguous":[177],"situations.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}