{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989996971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","title":"Characterization of a transmitter in a medium frequency maritime terrestrial navigation system","display_name":"Characterization of a transmitter in a medium frequency maritime terrestrial navigation system","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989996971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","mag":"2989996971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064919364","display_name":"Lars Grundh\u00f6fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-8280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Grundhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009086639","display_name":"Stefan Gewies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Gewies","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050012151","display_name":"Niklas Hehenkamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Hehenkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, Neustrelitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046382637","display_name":"Michael Hoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154902","display_name":"Generaldirektion Wasserstra\u00dfen und Schifffahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/0581em797","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800888199","https://openalex.org/I4387154902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, Koblenz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, Koblenz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056718998","display_name":"Mario Walterfang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154902","display_name":"Generaldirektion Wasserstra\u00dfen und Schifffahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/0581em797","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800888199","https://openalex.org/I4387154902"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Walterfang","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, Koblenz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, Koblenz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3828","last_page":"3832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.870345413684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7818353176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6341951489448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5021355152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.49137988686561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47240346670150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.45951569080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.42948126792907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3535461127758026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3427644371986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.33403676748275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3291972875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2495703101158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.1705256700515747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.870345413684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7818353176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6341951489448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5021355152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.49137988686561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47240346670150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.45951569080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.42948126792907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3535461127758026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3427644371986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.33403676748275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3291972875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2495703101158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.1705256700515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:131048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W796695056","https://openalex.org/W2553804452","https://openalex.org/W2890527311","https://openalex.org/W2901507643","https://openalex.org/W2996159796","https://openalex.org/W3216691184","https://openalex.org/W6622627980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112435954","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W2071552392","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,76,130,139],"the":[2,13,51,57,63,78,85,91,102,105,111,124,132,137,145,186,205],"worldwide":[3],"recognition":[4],"of":[5,15,25,56,65,87,95,104,113,123,134,184,201],"increased":[6],"jamming":[7],"and":[8,82],"spoofing":[9],"events,":[10],"which":[11],"threaten":[12],"usability":[14],"global":[16],"navigation":[17],"satellite":[18],"systems":[19,22],"(GNSS),":[20],"positioning":[21],"using":[23,159],"signals":[24],"opportunity":[26],"are":[27,155],"gaining":[28],"importance":[29],"as":[30,121],"backup":[31],"systems.":[32],"Especially":[33],"for":[34],"maritime":[35,52],"usage,":[36],"a":[37,68,88,114],"terrestrial":[38],"system":[39,147],"called":[40],"Ranging-Mode":[41],"(R-Mode)":[42],"is":[43,74,94,119,129,148,178,182],"under":[44],"development.":[45],"Among":[46],"other":[47],"signals,":[48],"it":[49,99,181],"utilizes":[50],"medium":[53,71,115],"frequency":[54,72,116],"broadcasts":[55],"differential":[58],"GNSS":[59],"(DGNSS)":[60],"service.":[61],"Currently,":[62],"estimation":[64],"phase":[66,93,164],"in":[67],"time":[69,188],"continuous":[70],"signal":[73,92],"used":[75,152],"determine":[77],"distance":[79],"between":[80],"transmitter":[81,89,125,206],"receiver.":[83],"Here,":[84],"delay":[86,165],"on":[90,195],"great":[96],"interest,":[97],"since":[98],"directly":[100],"affects":[101],"performance":[103],"R-Mode":[106,146],"system.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109,176],"paper,":[110],"influence":[112],"power":[117,200],"amplifier":[118,197],"characterized":[120],"part":[122],"chain.":[126],"The":[127,190],"aim":[128],"give":[131],"operators":[133],"DGNSS":[135],"stations":[136],"possibility":[138],"characterize":[140],"their":[141],"station":[142,207],"themselves":[143],"when":[144],"operational.":[149],"Therefore,":[150],"widely":[151],"measuring":[153,185],"instruments":[154],"utilized,":[156],"rather":[157],"than":[158],"well-known":[160],"cost-intensive":[161],"techniques":[162],"like":[163],"measurements.":[166],"A":[167],"simple":[168],"setup":[169],"with":[170,198],"different":[171],"evaluation":[172],"methods":[173],"that":[174],"fit":[175],"requirement":[177],"presented.":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"capable":[183],"absolute":[187],"delay.":[189],"presented":[191],"workflow":[192],"was":[193],"tested":[194],"an":[196],"output":[199],"100":[202],"W":[203],"at":[204],"near":[208],"Koblenz,":[209],"Germany.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
