{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989804476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","title":"A Generative Policy Model for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"A Generative Policy Model for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989804476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","mag":"2989804476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037831458","display_name":"Daniel Cunnington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-964X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Cunnington","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Hursley, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Hursley, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025467147","display_name":"Irene Manotas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Manotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027423431","display_name":"Mark Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-3415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114230284","display_name":"Geeth de Mel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geeth de Mel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Hursley, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Hursley, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041645148","display_name":"Seraphin Calo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-3989"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seraphin Calo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061694501","display_name":"Elisa Bertino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Bertino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046462940","display_name":"Alessandra Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79384356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1558","last_page":"1565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9527999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.796250581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6618050336837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6191598773002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6120904684066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5270258188247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5006341934204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4277902841567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37272125482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3662855327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3401850163936615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796250581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6618050336837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6191598773002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6120904684066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5270258188247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5006341934204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4277902841567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37272125482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3662855327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3401850163936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8916782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228104253","https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2122029992","https://openalex.org/W2158292827","https://openalex.org/W2202208976","https://openalex.org/W2218034770","https://openalex.org/W2293998199","https://openalex.org/W2496233722","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2592306973","https://openalex.org/W2742790456","https://openalex.org/W2767328598","https://openalex.org/W2782850674","https://openalex.org/W2810205687","https://openalex.org/W2884460640","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2904043513","https://openalex.org/W2904863956","https://openalex.org/W2930482927","https://openalex.org/W2940813702","https://openalex.org/W2963398918","https://openalex.org/W3143489167","https://openalex.org/W4225555528","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6745335788","https://openalex.org/W6760651286","https://openalex.org/W6761959971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W2094012830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"is":[2,27],"rapidly":[3],"enhancing":[4],"human":[5],"capability":[6],"by":[7,138,173],"providing":[8],"support":[9],"and":[10,32,52,79,129,184],"guidance":[11],"on":[12],"a":[13,38,94,117,124,168,174],"wide":[14,95],"variety":[15],"of":[16,20,97,176,188,201],"tasks.":[17],"However,":[18],"one":[19],"the":[21,30,142,161,198],"main":[22],"challenges":[23],"for":[24,71,76],"autonomous":[25],"systems":[26,47,105,155],"effectively":[28],"managing":[29],"decisions":[31],"interactions":[33],"between":[34],"multiple":[35],"entities":[36,140],"in":[37,45,89,141,192,208],"dynamic":[39],"environment.":[40],"Policies":[41],"are":[42,85],"frequently":[43],"used":[44],"cyber-physical":[46],"to":[48,61,87,111,126,151,204],"define":[49],"target":[50],"goals":[51,108],"constraints,":[53],"such":[54,144],"as":[55,145],"maximising":[56],"security":[57],"whilst":[58,109],"preventing":[59],"communication":[60,150],"unauthorised":[62],"systems.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,209],"paper":[66],"we":[67,166],"introduce":[68],"an":[69,186],"approach":[70],"learning":[72],"high-level":[73,101,131],"policy":[74,132,153,190],"models":[75,133],"future":[77,206],"Connected":[78],"Autonomous":[80],"Vehicles":[81],"(CAVs).":[82],"Since":[83],"CAVs":[84],"required":[86],"operate":[88],"complex,":[90],"safety-critical":[91],"environments":[92],"with":[93],"range":[96],"varying":[98,112,193],"contextual":[99],"conditions,":[100],"policies":[102,203],"can":[103],"help":[104],"achieve":[106],"their":[107],"adhering":[110],"environmental":[113],"constraints.":[114],"We":[115,195],"present":[116],"Generative":[118],"Policy":[119],"Model":[120],"(GPM)":[121],"that":[122],"enables":[123],"CAV":[125,163,189],"observe,":[127],"learn,":[128],"adapt":[130],"using":[134],"local":[135],"knowledge":[136],"shared":[137],"related":[139],"environment":[143],"other":[146],"CAVs,":[147],"when":[148],"reliable":[149],"traditional":[152],"management":[154],"may":[156],"not":[157],"be":[158],"available.":[159],"Within":[160],"proposed":[162],"GPM":[164],"architecture,":[165],"utilise":[167],"novel":[169],"context-free":[170],"grammar":[171],"bounded":[172],"set":[175],"context-sensitive":[177],"annotations":[178],"called":[179],"Answer":[180],"Set":[181],"Grammars":[182],"(ASGs)":[183],"perform":[185],"evaluation":[187],"generation":[191],"contexts.":[194],"also":[196],"release":[197],"CAVPolicy":[199],"dataset":[200],"annotated":[202],"enable":[205],"research":[207],"area.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}