{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890157627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","title":"Towards a Fatality-Aware Benchmark of Probabilistic Reaction Prediction in Highly Interactive Driving Scenarios","display_name":"Towards a Fatality-Aware Benchmark of Probabilistic Reaction Prediction in Highly Interactive Driving Scenarios","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890157627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","mag":"2890157627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101770873","display_name":"Wei Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087667477","display_name":"Liting Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liting Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072326337","display_name":"Yeping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeping Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357070","display_name":"Jiachen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064077634","display_name":"Masayoshi Tomizuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-6639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayoshi Tomizuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101770873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.15409614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93280753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3274","last_page":"3280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7347705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7288466691970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brier-score","display_name":"Brier score","score":0.6405016779899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6115204095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.543373703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5352234244346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5175973176956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48681968450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42392003536224365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7347705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7288466691970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.6405016779899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6115204095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.543373703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5352234244346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5175973176956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48681968450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42392003536224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641020656","https://openalex.org/W1579853615","https://openalex.org/W2073241381","https://openalex.org/W2098774185","https://openalex.org/W2343781317","https://openalex.org/W2411577903","https://openalex.org/W2438413413","https://openalex.org/W2503238138","https://openalex.org/W2519106163","https://openalex.org/W2539337444","https://openalex.org/W2562282355","https://openalex.org/W2562817597","https://openalex.org/W2612150182","https://openalex.org/W2739770424","https://openalex.org/W2740957115","https://openalex.org/W2741086815","https://openalex.org/W2741087535","https://openalex.org/W2769152583","https://openalex.org/W2891385160","https://openalex.org/W2892122874","https://openalex.org/W2894978157","https://openalex.org/W2896093746","https://openalex.org/W2896479405","https://openalex.org/W2962719371","https://openalex.org/W2963489164","https://openalex.org/W2964034892","https://openalex.org/W6620980068","https://openalex.org/W6674884181","https://openalex.org/W6754810595","https://openalex.org/W6754877132","https://openalex.org/W6755054979","https://openalex.org/W6755646267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774890144","https://openalex.org/W4293426625","https://openalex.org/W2728311169","https://openalex.org/W3121128755","https://openalex.org/W2051201630","https://openalex.org/W1482441085","https://openalex.org/W2966858528","https://openalex.org/W3100056731","https://openalex.org/W2982595245","https://openalex.org/W2151687600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97,178],"order":[1,179],"to":[2,16,38,73,84,128,136,156,168,180,229,247,272],"achieve":[3],"safe":[4],"and":[5,8,65,91,107,113,194,220,243,269,291],"high-quality":[6],"decision-making":[7,193],"motion":[9,123,160],"planning,":[10,195],"autonomous":[11,50],"vehicles":[12],"should":[13],"be":[14,144],"able":[15],"generate":[17,248],"accurate":[18],"probabilistic":[19,58,103,249],"predictions":[20,30,189,251],"for":[21,49,94,176],"uncertain":[22],"behavior":[23],"of":[24,184,211,215,256,281],"other":[25,125],"road":[26],"users.":[27],"Moreover,":[28],"reactive":[29],"are":[31,190,222,245,264],"necessary":[32],"in":[33,46,162,252],"highly":[34,163],"interactive":[35,164],"driving":[36],"scenarios":[37],"answer":[39],"\"what":[40],"if":[41],"I":[42],"take":[43],"this":[44,98],"action":[45],"the":[47,75,86,109,130,149,173,182,185,188,209,212,216,225,231,267,279,289],"future\"":[48],"vehicles.":[51],"Many":[52],"recently":[53],"proposed":[54,270,292],"methods":[55,142,238],"based":[56,207,239],"on":[57,208,240,278],"graphical":[59],"models":[60],"(PGM),":[61],"neural":[62],"networks":[63],"(NN)":[64],"inverse":[66],"reinforcement":[67],"learning":[68],"(IRL)":[69],"have":[70],"great":[71],"potential":[72],"solve":[74],"problem.":[76],"However,":[77],"there":[78],"is":[79,153,202,284],"no":[80],"existing":[81],"unified":[82],"framework":[83],"homogenize":[85,129],"problem":[87],"formulation,":[88],"representation":[89,131],"simplification,":[90],"evaluation":[92],"metric":[93,175,293],"those":[95],"methods.":[96],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,196],"formulate":[101],"a":[102,159,198,203,259,274],"reaction":[104,112,250],"prediction":[105,115],"problem,":[106],"reveal":[108,181],"relationship":[110],"between":[111],"situation":[114],"problems.":[116],"We":[117,146,166],"employ":[118],"prototype":[119],"trajectories":[120],"with":[121],"designated":[122],"patterns":[124],"than":[126],"\"intention\"":[127,152],"so":[132],"that":[133],"probabilities":[134],"corresponding":[135],"each":[137,282],"trajectory":[138,213],"generated":[139],"by":[140,192,234,266,287],"different":[141],"can":[143],"evaluated.":[145],"also":[147,285],"discuss":[148],"reasons":[150],"why":[151],"not":[154],"suitable":[155],"serve":[157],"as":[158,172],"indicator":[161],"scenarios.":[165],"propose":[167,197],"use":[169],"Brier":[170,205,227],"score":[171,206,228],"baseline":[174,268,290],"evaluation.":[177],"fatality":[183],"consequences":[186,232],"when":[187],"adopted":[191],"fatality-aware":[199],"metric,":[200],"which":[201],"weighted":[204,226],"criticality":[210],"pairs":[214],"interacting":[217],"entities.":[218],"Conservatism":[219],"non-defensiveness":[221],"defined":[223],"from":[224,258],"indicate":[230],"caused":[233],"inaccurate":[235],"predictions.":[236],"Modified":[237],"PGM,":[241],"NN":[242],"IRL":[244],"provided":[246,286],"an":[253],"exemplar":[254],"scenario":[255],"nudging":[257],"highway":[260],"ramp.":[261],"The":[262],"results":[263],"evaluated":[265],"metrics":[271],"construct":[273],"mini":[275],"benchmark.":[276],"Analysis":[277],"properties":[280],"method":[283],"comparing":[288],"scores.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
