{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904134767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","title":"Optimal Train Control by Approximate Dynamic Programming: Comparison of Three Value Function Approximation Methods","display_name":"Optimal Train Control by Approximate Dynamic Programming: Comparison of Three Value Function Approximation Methods","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904134767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","mag":"2904134767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392629","display_name":"Tong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9556-6856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059372733","display_name":"Jing Xun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606498","display_name":"Jiateng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-3919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiateng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451721","display_name":"Xiao Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-5563"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Traffic Control Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, Chlna"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Traffic Control Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, Chlna","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100392629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19695467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2741","last_page":"2746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.7636271715164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.7588464021682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6820939779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6405825018882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.6291341781616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6002466678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5928742289543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5671997666358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-approximation","display_name":"Function approximation","score":0.5593224763870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.5002007484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.46697020530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.44250544905662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3438306450843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2205943465232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17011761665344238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.7636271715164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.7588464021682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6820939779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6405825018882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.6291341781616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6002466678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5928742289543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5671997666358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91873725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3445816","display_name":"Function approximation","level":3,"score":0.5593224763870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5002007484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.46697020530700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.44250544905662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3438306450843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2205943465232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17011761665344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486454173","https://openalex.org/W1601081659","https://openalex.org/W1603678020","https://openalex.org/W2087025933","https://openalex.org/W2095113878","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2109028470","https://openalex.org/W2124477018","https://openalex.org/W2187153065","https://openalex.org/W2487144912","https://openalex.org/W2544613209","https://openalex.org/W2583161153","https://openalex.org/W2759715964","https://openalex.org/W2790537496","https://openalex.org/W6635948928","https://openalex.org/W6672312871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156992384","https://openalex.org/W2156021013","https://openalex.org/W2949918558","https://openalex.org/W2002045200","https://openalex.org/W2112064104","https://openalex.org/W283149859","https://openalex.org/W3014650749","https://openalex.org/W2050942557","https://openalex.org/W2064203730","https://openalex.org/W2159858017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,78,108],"the":[2,15,21,44,65,80,99,110,116,143,148,154],"exponential":[3],"growth":[4],"of":[5,17,68],"states":[6],"and":[7,43,90,159],"variables,":[8],"traditional":[9],"exact":[10],"dynamic":[11,69,128],"programming":[12],"suffers":[13],"from":[14],"curse":[16],"dimensionality":[18],"in":[19,127,152],"computing":[20,153],"optimal":[22,45,81,111,156],"train":[23,40,46,112],"control":[24,41,47,113,157],"strategy.":[25],"To":[26,63],"address":[27],"this":[28,30],"problem,":[29],"paper":[31],"first":[32],"proposes":[33],"a":[34,52,120,161,170],"complete":[35],"discrete":[36],"model":[37],"for":[38,124],"depicting":[39],"process,":[42],"problem":[48],"is":[49],"reformulated":[50],"into":[51],"Markov":[53],"decision":[54],"process":[55,123],"through":[56],"defining":[57],"state":[58],"variables":[59],"with":[60,93,147,174],"three":[61,73],"dimensionalities.":[62],"enhance":[64],"computational":[66],"efficiency":[67],"programming,":[70],"we":[71],"design":[72],"value":[74,82],"function":[75],"approximation":[76,165],"methods":[77],"estimate":[79],"functions,":[83],"which":[84],"are":[85],"rollout":[86,100,139],"algorithm,":[87],"interpolation":[88,117],"method":[89,118],"neural":[91,163],"network":[92,164],"back":[94],"propagation,":[95],"respectively.":[96],"In":[97],"particular,":[98],"algorithm":[101,140],"uses":[102],"one":[103],"step":[104],"forward":[105],"prediction":[106],"structure":[107],"generate":[109],"law,":[114],"while":[115],"employs":[119],"lattice":[121],"partitioning":[122],"every":[125],"stage":[126],"programming.":[129],"The":[130],"simulation":[131],"experiments":[132],"on":[133],"Beijing":[134],"Subway":[135],"show":[136],"that,":[137],"1)":[138],"could":[141],"achieve":[142,169],"best":[144],"performance":[145,172],"compared":[146,173],"other":[149,175],"two":[150],"algorithms":[151],"approximate":[155],"strategies,":[158],"2)":[160],"simple":[162],"can":[166],"not":[167],"always":[168],"solid":[171],"algorithms.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}