{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810431271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","title":"Leveraging the Channel as a Sensor: Real-time Vehicle Classification Using Multidimensional Radio-fingerprinting","display_name":"Leveraging the Channel as a Sensor: Real-time Vehicle Classification Using Multidimensional Radio-fingerprinting","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810431271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","mag":"2810431271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.00464","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048151334","display_name":"Benjamin Sliwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Sliwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029876355","display_name":"Nico Piatkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6334-8042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Piatkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012280485","display_name":"Marcus Haferkamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Haferkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090255216","display_name":"Dennis Dorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Dorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilhelm Schr\u00f6der GmbH, Herscheid, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilhelm Schr\u00f6der GmbH, Herscheid, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048759517","display_name":"Christian Wietfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Wietfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Networks Institute, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70854568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"898","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6620872020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-channel","display_name":"Radio channel","score":0.46099212765693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4475913941860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4174739420413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39340710639953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2866387963294983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6620872020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988879021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273623","display_name":"Radio channel","level":3,"score":0.46099212765693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4475913941860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4174739420413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39340710639953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2866387963294983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1807.00464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.00464","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.00464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1807.00464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.00464","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.00464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169539560","https://openalex.org/W593167010","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1537932646","https://openalex.org/W1941758531","https://openalex.org/W1967807710","https://openalex.org/W1974339580","https://openalex.org/W1988856348","https://openalex.org/W1993451461","https://openalex.org/W2009675979","https://openalex.org/W2022507673","https://openalex.org/W2027636547","https://openalex.org/W2045721916","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2084763505","https://openalex.org/W2100658528","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2130344900","https://openalex.org/W2148522575","https://openalex.org/W2165065922","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2292658742","https://openalex.org/W2520420489","https://openalex.org/W2740539299","https://openalex.org/W2771050063","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6674809958","https://openalex.org/W6677656871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3185375013","https://openalex.org/W1977427009","https://openalex.org/W2945684429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Upcoming":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Transportation":[2],"Systems":[3,15],"(ITSs)":[4],"will":[5],"transform":[6],"roads":[7],"from":[8],"static":[9],"resources":[10],"to":[11,19,47,135,141,152,167,198],"dynamic":[12],"Cyber":[13],"Physical":[14],"(CPSs)":[16],"in":[17,27,92,129,179],"order":[18],"satisfy":[20],"the":[21,35,105,125],"requirements":[22],"of":[23,75,86,90,107,205,213],"future":[24],"vehicular":[25],"traffic":[26,60],"smart":[28],"city":[29,164],"environments.":[30],"Up-to-date":[31],"information":[32,74,91],"serves":[33],"as":[34,41,43],"basis":[36],"for":[37,104,162,215],"changing":[38],"street":[39],"directions":[40],"well":[42],"guiding":[44],"individual":[45,76],"vehicles":[46,108],"a":[48,102,159,180,191,200,216],"fitting":[49],"parking":[50],"slot.":[51],"In":[52,97,133],"this":[53,98],"context,":[54],"not":[55],"only":[56],"abstract":[57],"indicators":[58],"like":[59],"flow":[61],"and":[62,72,80,119,171,209],"density":[63],"are":[64,84,94],"required,":[65],"but":[66],"also":[67],"data":[68],"about":[69],"mobility":[70],"parameters":[71],"class":[73],"vehicles.":[77],"Consequently,":[78],"accurate":[79,143],"reliable":[81],"systems":[82],"that":[83],"capable":[85],"providing":[87],"these":[88],"kinds":[89],"real-time":[93],"highly":[95],"demanded.":[96],"paper,":[99],"we":[100],"present":[101],"system":[103,176],"classification":[106,144,202,218],"based":[109],"on":[110,190],"their":[111],"radio-fingerprints":[112],"which":[113],"applies":[114],"cutting-edge":[115],"machine":[116],"learning":[117],"models":[118],"can":[120],"be":[121],"non-intrusively":[122],"installed":[123],"into":[124],"existing":[126],"road":[127],"infrastructure":[128],"an":[130,186,210],"ad-hoc":[131],"manner.":[132],"contrast":[134],"other":[136],"approaches,":[137],"it":[138,157,195],"is":[139,158,177,196],"able":[140,197],"provide":[142],"results":[145],"without":[146],"causing":[147],"privacy-violations":[148],"or":[149],"being":[150],"vulnerable":[151],"challenging":[153],"weather":[154],"conditions.":[155],"Moreover,":[156],"promising":[160],"candidate":[161],"large-scale":[163],"deployments":[165],"due":[166],"its":[168],"cost-efficient":[169],"installation":[170],"maintenance":[172],"properties.":[173],"The":[174],"proposed":[175],"evaluated":[178],"comprehensive":[181],"field":[182],"evaluation":[183],"campaign":[184],"within":[185],"experimental":[187],"live":[188],"deployment":[189],"German":[192],"highway,":[193],"where":[194],"achieve":[199],"binary":[201],"success":[203],"ratio":[204],"more":[206],"than":[207],"99%":[208],"overall":[211],"accuracy":[212],"89.15%":[214],"fine-grained":[217],"task":[219],"with":[220],"nine":[221],"different":[222],"classes.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}