{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904163618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Bike Routes for Last-Mile Package Delivery with Drop-Offs","display_name":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Bike Routes for Last-Mile Package Delivery with Drop-Offs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904163618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","mag":"2904163618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039681328","display_name":"Eneko Osaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-9910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eneko Osaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNALIA, Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNALIA, Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017326471","display_name":"Javier Del Ser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Del Ser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084006900","display_name":"Antonio J. Nebro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-0484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio J. Nebro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024242405","display_name":"Ibai La\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibai Lana","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNALIA, Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNALIA, Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079997651","display_name":"Miren Nekane Bilbao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miren Nekane Bilbao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020491055","display_name":"Javier Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier J. Sanchez-Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83478261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":null,"first_page":"865","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6797525882720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.5881085395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mile","display_name":"Mile","score":0.5680737495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5656949877738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5520018339157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","score":0.5362524390220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5042883157730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.47482165694236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44924870133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.34678342938423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17554399371147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16565659642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10383296012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08461663126945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07866591215133667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797525882720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.5881085395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.5680737495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5656949877738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5520018339157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45440154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6494801","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","level":3,"score":0.5362524390220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5042883157730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.47482165694236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44924870133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.34678342938423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17554399371147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16565659642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10383296012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08461663126945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07866591215133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:accedacris.ulpgc.es:10553/55384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10553/55384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400136","display_name":"Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) Maui, Hawaii, USA, November 4-7, 2018, p. 865-870","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsp.tecnalia.com:11556/1870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11556/1870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402037","display_name":"TECNALIA Publications (Fundaci\u00f3n TECNALIA Research & Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","host_organization_name":"Tecnalia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference output"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643227642","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1573914938","https://openalex.org/W1996587137","https://openalex.org/W2000479281","https://openalex.org/W2000825106","https://openalex.org/W2075016777","https://openalex.org/W2085507535","https://openalex.org/W2098907614","https://openalex.org/W2102625537","https://openalex.org/W2104017154","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2726105064","https://openalex.org/W2726168979","https://openalex.org/W2742261706","https://openalex.org/W2797319902","https://openalex.org/W4249302577","https://openalex.org/W6681108347","https://openalex.org/W6750387350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224920455","https://openalex.org/W2974961843","https://openalex.org/W4387715617","https://openalex.org/W2736109931","https://openalex.org/W2075280196","https://openalex.org/W4402947517","https://openalex.org/W4391768511","https://openalex.org/W4387147337","https://openalex.org/W2263936574","https://openalex.org/W2997910527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,42],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"modeling":[4],"and":[5,70,84,100,155],"solving":[6],"a":[7,40,49,57,126,140,192],"last-mile":[8],"package":[9],"delivery":[10,25,77],"routing":[11,43],"problem":[12],"with":[13],"third-party":[14],"drop-off":[15],"points.":[16],"The":[17],"study":[18,171],"is":[19,175],"applicable":[20],"to":[21,39,80,91,104],"small":[22],"or":[23],"medium-sized":[24],"companies,":[26],"which":[27],"use":[28],"bikes":[29],"for":[30,179],"performing":[31],"the":[32,63,65,68,71,76,92,106,130,144,152,160,165,176,180,187,197,202],"routes":[33,184],"in":[34,121,191,201],"an":[35],"influence":[36],"area":[37],"bounded":[38],"city.":[41],"setup":[44],"has":[45,136],"been":[46,89,137,149],"formulated":[47],"as":[48,139],"multi-objective":[50,86],"optimization":[51],"problem,":[52,182],"balancing":[53],"three":[54,114,189],"conflicting":[55],"objectives:":[56],"weighted":[58],"measure":[59],"of":[60,62,67,78,108,143,159,199],"distance":[61],"route,":[64],"safety":[66],"biker,":[69],"economic":[72],"profit":[73],"yielded":[74],"by":[75,164],"goods":[79],"customers.":[81],"Six":[82],"different":[83,118],"heterogeneous":[85],"algorithms":[87],"have":[88,112,148],"applied":[90],"modeled":[93],"problem:":[94],"NSGA-II,":[95],"MOCell,":[96],"SMPSO,":[97],"MOEA/D,":[98],"NSGA-III":[99],"MOMBI2.":[101],"In":[102],"order":[103],"evaluate":[105],"performance":[107],"these":[109],"algorithms,":[110],"we":[111],"devised":[113],"experimental":[115],"setups":[116],"encompassing":[117],"real":[119],"localizations":[120],"Madrid":[122],"(Spain).":[123],"For":[124],"deploying":[125],"realistic":[127],"simulation":[128],"platform,":[129],"open-source":[131],"Open":[132],"Trip":[133],"Planner":[134],"framework":[135],"used":[138],"proxy":[141],"evaluator":[142],"produced":[145],"routes.":[146],"Results":[147],"compared":[150],"using":[151],"obtained":[153],"Median":[154],"Inter":[156],"Quartile":[157],"Range":[158],"hypervolume":[161],"values":[162],"reached":[163],"algorithms.":[166],"Conclusions":[167],"drawn":[168],"from":[169],"this":[170],"show":[172],"that":[173,185],"MOCell":[174],"best":[177],"method":[178],"proposed":[181],"reaching":[183],"balance":[186],"considered":[188],"objectives":[190],"more":[193],"Pareto-optimal":[194],"fashion":[195],"than":[196],"rest":[198],"counterparts":[200],"benchmark.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}