{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2565685812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","title":"Autonomous multi-story navigation for valet parking","display_name":"Autonomous multi-story navigation for valet parking","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2565685812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","mag":"2565685812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113721624","display_name":"Sebastian Klemm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Klemm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047689514","display_name":"Thomas Schamm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schamm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028048","display_name":"J. Marius Z\u00f6llner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-7202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Marius Zollner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061716040","display_name":"Marc Essinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Essinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033153281","display_name":"Jan Oberlander","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Oberlander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087344838","display_name":"Marc Ren\u00e9 Zofka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Rene Zofka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109882462","display_name":"Florian Kuhnt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Kuhnt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159140","display_name":"Michael Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011138285","display_name":"Ralf Kohlhaas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Kohlhaas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063904849","display_name":"Alexander Kohs","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Kohs","raw_affiliation_strings":["CTC Cartech Company, B\u00f6blingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CTC Cartech Company, B\u00f6blingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072884786","display_name":"Arne Roennau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-607X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Roennau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Product Engineering (ISPE), FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113721624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90713238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1126","last_page":"1133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6376456022262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.5930737853050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5462663769721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5432353019714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4865080714225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4788672626018524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4614608883857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-guidance-and-information","display_name":"Parking guidance and information","score":0.4260818362236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.41782906651496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4026505947113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3658497929573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3413166105747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33768755197525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.18966233730316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18023091554641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15024322271347046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6376456022262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.5930737853050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5462663769721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5432353019714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4865080714225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4788672626018524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4614608883857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14353550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386125","display_name":"Parking guidance and information","level":2,"score":0.4260818362236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41782906651496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4026505947113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3658497929573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3413166105747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33768755197525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.18966233730316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18023091554641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15024322271347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2752252620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/public/201702227035565029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W658688905","https://openalex.org/W1424654272","https://openalex.org/W1533928394","https://openalex.org/W1858801711","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1971998222","https://openalex.org/W2008549258","https://openalex.org/W2009422376","https://openalex.org/W2013710860","https://openalex.org/W2022987295","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2055207897","https://openalex.org/W2074437835","https://openalex.org/W2082296802","https://openalex.org/W2129571831","https://openalex.org/W2130763585","https://openalex.org/W2133844819","https://openalex.org/W2153573528","https://openalex.org/W2154844948","https://openalex.org/W2169901455","https://openalex.org/W2288650507","https://openalex.org/W2336416123","https://openalex.org/W2611243847","https://openalex.org/W2760981468","https://openalex.org/W6638788390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162200841","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W253106158","https://openalex.org/W2384744344","https://openalex.org/W1799694159","https://openalex.org/W2393169196","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3114279067","https://openalex.org/W2390992067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"mobility":[1],"combined":[2],"with":[3,158],"recent":[4],"advances":[5],"in":[6,56,92,101,173],"autonomous":[7,52],"driving":[8],"provides":[9],"a":[10,66,87,102,106,115,144],"solution":[11],"to":[12,70,147],"the":[13,19,36,46,73,81,99,109,112,119,123,141,153,159],"environmental":[14],"and":[15,35,50,83,89,118,125,156,168],"traffic":[16],"challenges":[17],"of":[18,38,48,85,114,143,170],"modern":[20],"metropolis.":[21],"In":[22,64],"this":[23],"work":[24],"we":[25],"present":[26],"an":[27,148],"innovative":[28],"system":[29,44,100,164],"that":[30],"completely":[31],"changes":[32],"valet":[33],"parking":[34,62,94,116,126,145,150],"process":[37],"charging":[39,160],"electric":[40,75],"vehicles.":[41,76],"The":[42,162],"introduced":[43],"tackles":[45],"problem":[47],"precise":[49],"efficient":[51,167],"navigation":[53,124,163],"for":[54],"vehicles":[55],"gps-denied":[57],"environments":[58],"like":[59],"3-D":[60],"multi-story":[61],"garages.":[63,95],"addition":[65],"robot":[67],"is":[68,165],"employed":[69],"autonomously":[71,134],"charge":[72],"parked":[74],"We":[77,96],"give":[78],"insight":[79],"into":[80],"concept":[82],"implementation":[84],"such":[86],"system,":[88],"evaluate":[90],"it":[91],"real":[93],"extensively":[97],"tested":[98],"real-world":[103,174],"application,":[104],"where":[105],"driver":[107],"leaves":[108],"vehicle":[110,120,133],"at":[111],"entry":[113,142],"garage":[117,146],"then":[121],"performs":[122],"task":[127],"on":[128,152],"its":[129],"own.":[130],"Our":[131],"test":[132],"navigated":[135],"more":[136],"than":[137],"50":[138],"times":[139],"from":[140],"assigned":[149],"spot":[151],"6th":[154],"floor":[155],"docked":[157],"robot.":[161],"precise,":[166],"capable":[169],"running":[171],"online":[172],"scenarios.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
