{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2567236501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","title":"Harsh brakes at potholes in Nairobi: Context-based driver behavior in developing cities","display_name":"Harsh brakes at potholes in Nairobi: Context-based driver behavior in developing cities","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2567236501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","mag":"2567236501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091294193","display_name":"Aisha Walcott-Bryant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-9502"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aisha Walcott-Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049672783","display_name":"Michiaki Tatsubori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-700X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiaki Tatsubori","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028925978","display_name":"Reginald Bryant","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reginald E. Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079903977","display_name":"Erick Oduor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0548-6193"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Oduor","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033066055","display_name":"Samuel Onyango Omondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-0895"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Omondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006481354","display_name":"Samuel Osebe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Osebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037848341","display_name":"John Wamburu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-6564"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Wamburu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001239661","display_name":"Oliver Bent","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Bent","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091294193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82098405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"675","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7920540571212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.6561288833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.6461196541786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5854766368865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5019822120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4901615083217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4831637740135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telematics","display_name":"Telematics","score":0.47851336002349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.44208860397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42457088828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33964258432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3315102159976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2333066165447235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22741922736167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.16470018029212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11353543400764465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7920540571212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6561288833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.6461196541786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5854766368865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5019822120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4901615083217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4831637740135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89074322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485669","display_name":"Telematics","level":2,"score":0.47851336002349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.44208860397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42457088828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33964258432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3315102159976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2333066165447235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22741922736167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.16470018029212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11353543400764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120876585","https://openalex.org/W1849205593","https://openalex.org/W1975592710","https://openalex.org/W1977324115","https://openalex.org/W2030881313","https://openalex.org/W2058318773","https://openalex.org/W2141082857","https://openalex.org/W2144169341","https://openalex.org/W2168463792","https://openalex.org/W2170581891","https://openalex.org/W2182364302","https://openalex.org/W6604922015","https://openalex.org/W6686187063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W28596303","https://openalex.org/W2075084475","https://openalex.org/W571717219","https://openalex.org/W2111119084","https://openalex.org/W2753549526","https://openalex.org/W2906361627","https://openalex.org/W2770474257","https://openalex.org/W3169289700","https://openalex.org/W2286386640","https://openalex.org/W790318456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driving":[0],"in":[1,76,124,134,153,202,211],"developing":[2,212],"cities":[3,78],"presents":[4,88],"numerous":[5],"challenges.":[6],"Traffic":[7],"congestion":[8],"and":[9,30,34,62,139,150,159,174,182,197],"traffic":[10],"accidents":[11],"are":[12,18,27,42],"the":[13,35,39,73,89,116,147,166,180,183,186,195],"most":[14],"visible":[15],"challenges":[16],"which":[17,75],"caused":[19],"by":[20,38],"different":[21],"underlying":[22],"factors.":[23],"Two":[24],"chief":[25],"factors":[26],"poorly":[28],"planned":[29],"maintained":[31],"roadway":[32],"infrastructure":[33],"decisions":[36],"made":[37],"drivers.":[40],"Drivers":[41],"constantly":[43],"forced":[44],"to":[45,82,136,193,204],"negotiate":[46],"road":[47,112,160],"hazards,":[48],"like":[49,59,171],"potholes,":[50],"unlabeled":[51],"speed":[52],"bumps":[53],"as":[54,56,95],"well":[55],"moving":[57],"obstacles,":[58],"pushcarts,":[60],"motorcycles,":[61],"animals.":[63],"Current":[64],"Usage":[65],"Based":[66],"Insurance":[67],"(UBI)":[68],"models":[69,201],"do":[70],"not":[71],"include":[72,156],"context":[74,109,181],"many":[77],"may":[79],"be":[80],"paramount":[81],"understanding":[83],"driver":[84,102,151],"behavior.":[85],"This":[86],"article":[87],"Context-based":[90],"Driver":[91],"Score":[92],"(CDS)":[93],"model":[94,98,118,149],"a":[96,101,105,120],"unified":[97],"for":[99,209],"scoring":[100],"based":[103,178],"on":[104,119,179],"unique":[106],"formulation":[107],"of":[108,146,168,185,199],"that":[110,155,165],"includes":[111],"quality.":[113,161],"We":[114,142],"demonstrate":[115],"CDS":[117,148,187],"real-world":[121],"use":[122],"case":[123],"Nairobi,":[125],"Kenya,":[126],"where":[127],"waste-collection":[128],"trucks":[129],"were":[130],"instrumented":[131],"with":[132],"smartphones":[133],"order":[135,203],"collect":[137],"inertial":[138],"telematic":[140],"data.":[141],"present":[143],"an":[144],"analysis":[145],"behaviors":[152],"contexts":[154],"weather,":[157],"time-of-day,":[158],"Our":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"distribution":[167],"driving":[169],"behaviors,":[170],"harsh":[172],"braking":[173],"swerving,":[175],"vary":[176],"greatly":[177],"definition":[184],"model.":[188],"Ultimately,":[189],"this":[190],"work":[191],"aims":[192],"extend":[194],"utility":[196],"scalability":[198],"UBI":[200],"make":[205],"them":[206],"more":[207],"suitable":[208],"deployment":[210],"cities.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}