{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975592710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","title":"Towards a frugal framework for monitoring road quality","display_name":"Towards a frugal framework for monitoring road quality","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975592710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","mag":"1975592710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031169437","display_name":"Tierra Bills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tierra Bills","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028925978","display_name":"Reginald Bryant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reginald Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007080987","display_name":"Aisha W. Bryant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aisha W. Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research | Africa, Langatta Road, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96811594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"3022","last_page":"3027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9397000074386597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6418116092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5962003469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5747248530387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.45972201228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-car-data","display_name":"Floating car data","score":0.4379713833332062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.3233986794948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18413788080215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14497238397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10824379324913025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6418116092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5962003469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5747248530387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.45972201228141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.4379713833332062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.3233986794948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18413788080215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14497238397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10824379324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608796073","https://openalex.org/W1565456886","https://openalex.org/W2011914841","https://openalex.org/W2026179748","https://openalex.org/W2067088030","https://openalex.org/W2097612790","https://openalex.org/W2168463792","https://openalex.org/W2170581891","https://openalex.org/W2236344607","https://openalex.org/W2246340652","https://openalex.org/W3122763283","https://openalex.org/W6618773551","https://openalex.org/W6633813801","https://openalex.org/W6689568860","https://openalex.org/W6691174602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005409769","https://openalex.org/W4386289889","https://openalex.org/W2945875309","https://openalex.org/W3117279048","https://openalex.org/W4389949262","https://openalex.org/W2898775471","https://openalex.org/W4391811515","https://openalex.org/W4385779953","https://openalex.org/W2599478506","https://openalex.org/W2972320057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"urbanization":[1],"of":[2,71,134,141,171,211],"developing":[3,75],"cities":[4,76],"creates":[5],"challenges":[6],"for":[7,22,31,64,74,121,147],"governments":[8],"to":[9,20,58,91,107,131,137,184,207],"update":[10],"and":[11,51,95,161,214],"maintain":[12],"the":[13,28,35,69,139,172,209],"city":[14],"infrastructure.":[15],"One":[16],"particular":[17],"challenge":[18],"is":[19,77,130],"plan":[21],"road":[23,36,43,84,123,150,216],"capacities":[24],"that":[25,45,88,195],"will":[26],"sustain":[27],"growing":[29],"demand":[30],"surface":[32],"transportation":[33],"on":[34,175,198],"network.":[37,151],"For":[38,81],"these":[39,82,103,108],"cities,":[40],"a":[41,118],"sophisticated":[42],"infrastructure":[44,66,85],"includes":[46],"sensors":[47],"(e.g.,":[48],"loop":[49],"detectors":[50],"traffic":[52,65],"cameras)":[53],"and/or":[54],"probe":[55],"vehicles":[56],"equipped":[57],"detect":[59,138,208],"pavement":[60,142],"roughness":[61],"are":[62,89,98],"ideal":[63],"management.":[67],"However,":[68],"cost":[70],"such":[72],"tools":[73,206],"often":[78],"prohibitively":[79],"expensive.":[80],"reasons,":[83],"management":[86],"strategies":[87,109],"able":[90],"leverage":[92],"low-cost":[93],"technologies":[94],"data":[96],"resources":[97],"highly":[99],"sought":[100],"after":[101],"in":[102,125],"areas.":[104],"We":[105,152],"refer":[106],"as":[110,165,167,204],"frugal":[111,119],"innovations.":[112],"In":[113],"this":[114],"paper":[115],"we":[116],"explore":[117],"approach":[120],"monitoring":[122],"quality":[124],"Nairobi,":[126,148],"Kenya.":[127],"Our":[128,190],"aim":[129],"use":[132],"characteristics":[133],"speed":[135,145,173,180,187,212],"distributions":[136,174],"presence":[140,210],"distresses":[143],"(including":[144],"bumps)":[146],"Kenya's":[149],"first":[153],"derive":[154],"link":[155],"speeds":[156,200],"from":[157],"mobile":[158],"GPS":[159],"traces,":[160],"then":[162],"perform":[163],"graphical":[164],"well":[166],"quantitative":[168],"distributional":[169,196],"comparisons":[170,197],"travel":[176,199],"network":[177],"links":[178,185],"with":[179],"bumps":[181,188,213],"present,":[182],"compared":[183],"without":[186],"present.":[189],"results":[191],"support":[192],"our":[193],"hypotheses":[194],"can":[201],"indeed":[202],"serve":[203],"useful":[205],"other":[215],"distresses.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}