{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020845479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","title":"Railway vertical alignment optimisation at stations to minimise energy","display_name":"Railway vertical alignment optimisation at stations to minimise energy","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020845479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","mag":"2020845479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079761823","display_name":"Tingyu Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375483","display_name":"Clive Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-2105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601606","display_name":"Jinghan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-955X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090012869","display_name":"Stuart Hillmansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-452X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Hillmansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111771398","display_name":"Ning Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756831","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1265-4792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080737022","display_name":"Zhongbei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7295-3327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038996257","display_name":"Shuai Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079761823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070","https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74975093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2119","last_page":"2124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.8511000871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.7125697731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.7031811475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.6453980207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5680755972862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.44625526666641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.43988150358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.40268296003341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.32440197467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21857228875160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07740429043769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.051911234855651855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.8511000871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.7125697731971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.7031811475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6453980207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5680755972862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.44625526666641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43988150358200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.40268296003341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.32440197467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21857228875160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07740429043769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.051911234855651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/63f610c0-1c35-4fca-88fa-e058a3ac3063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937114303&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xin, T, Roberts, C, He, J, Hillmansen, S, Zhao, N, Chen, L, Tian, Z & Su, S 2014, Railway vertical alignment optimisation at stations to minimise energy. in 2014 17th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2014., 6958016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 2119-2124, 2014 17th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2014, Qingdao, China, 8/10/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6958016","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971319520","https://openalex.org/W1975123004","https://openalex.org/W1988986641","https://openalex.org/W2008911998","https://openalex.org/W2012516157","https://openalex.org/W2037479552","https://openalex.org/W2051928114","https://openalex.org/W2057211133","https://openalex.org/W2058774661","https://openalex.org/W2070392617","https://openalex.org/W2080259201","https://openalex.org/W2109879495","https://openalex.org/W2138177972","https://openalex.org/W6680658562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W4293167957","https://openalex.org/W2361035307","https://openalex.org/W2380455807","https://openalex.org/W2993975634","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,30,40,60,78,82,88,94,117,126,132,148,167],"energy":[2,19,36,56,85,118,150,178,182],"prices":[3],"and":[4,21,42,87,152,160,180],"environmental":[5],"concerns":[6],"increasing,":[7],"improving":[8],"railway":[9],"operation":[10,22],"efficiency,":[11],"which":[12],"is":[13,52,172],"an":[14,100,173],"effective":[15,174],"method":[16],"to":[17,34,54,80,131,176],"reduce":[18],"consumption":[20,37,86,119,151,179],"expense,":[23],"attracts":[24],"people":[25],"attention.":[26],"In":[27,46],"metro":[28,66],"systems,":[29],"two":[31],"traditional":[32],"approaches":[33],"minimise":[35,177],"are":[38,129],"optimising":[39,59],"timetable":[41],"driving":[43],"strategy,":[44],"respectively.":[45,162],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"a":[49,71],"new":[50],"approach":[51],"proposed":[53],"improve":[55,181],"efficiency":[57],"by":[58,123,158],"vertical":[61,91,104,143,168],"alignment":[62,92,105,169],"at":[63,93,106,145,170],"stations":[64,171],"along":[65],"route.":[67],"Firstly,":[68],"we":[69,97],"develop":[70],"simplified":[72],"route":[73],"with":[74,140],"one":[75],"station":[76],"in":[77],"middle":[79],"analyse":[81],"relationship":[83],"between":[84],"parameters":[89],"of":[90,166],"station.":[95,112],"Secondly,":[96],"carry":[98],"out":[99],"optimisation":[101,127,165],"simulation":[102],"on":[103],"Beijing":[107],"Subway":[108],"Yizhuang":[109,134],"Line":[110],"No.5":[111],"The":[113,136],"results":[114,137],"show":[115,138],"that":[116,139],"could":[120,155],"be":[121,156],"reduced":[122,157],"1.66%.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"simulations":[128],"extended":[130],"entire":[133],"Line.":[135],"adding":[141],"optimal":[142],"alignments":[144],"all":[146],"stations,":[147],"total":[149],"journey":[153],"time":[154],"5.6%":[159],"0.53%,":[161],"Above":[163],"all,":[164],"way":[175],"efficiency.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}