{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095091674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","title":"Traffic signal control using reinforcement learning and the max-plus algorithm as a coordinating strategy","display_name":"Traffic signal control using reinforcement learning and the max-plus algorithm as a coordinating strategy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095091674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","mag":"2095091674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075269194","display_name":"Juan Carlos Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032073728","display_name":"Rahim F. Benekohal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-9241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim F. Benekohal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075269194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93791552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"596","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9010253548622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7102596759796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6003817319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5725972056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5625393390655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5412554144859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48318901658058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.48240602016448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.44355782866477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4225742220878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2633098065853119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15417754650115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12670347094535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11289450526237488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9010253548622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7102596759796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6003817319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5725972056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5625393390655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5412554144859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48318901658058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48240602016448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44355782866477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4225742220878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2633098065853119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15417754650115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12670347094535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11289450526237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533301287","https://openalex.org/W1543115993","https://openalex.org/W1547495733","https://openalex.org/W1552180419","https://openalex.org/W1560512119","https://openalex.org/W1566087003","https://openalex.org/W1639167632","https://openalex.org/W1977467218","https://openalex.org/W1983289383","https://openalex.org/W2019599312","https://openalex.org/W2033823613","https://openalex.org/W2110906765","https://openalex.org/W2133422082","https://openalex.org/W2334321490","https://openalex.org/W2912185451","https://openalex.org/W4250143236","https://openalex.org/W6631902274","https://openalex.org/W6632814373","https://openalex.org/W6633146112","https://openalex.org/W6633434192","https://openalex.org/W6636636705","https://openalex.org/W6655383422","https://openalex.org/W6676769901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W1987513656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,14,32,36,39,45,85,113,128],"performance":[4,93],"of":[5,16,31,35,65,83,96,103,127],"decentralized":[6],"reinforcement":[7],"learning":[8],"agents":[9,59],"with":[10,53],"communication":[11],"capabilities":[12],"for":[13],"operation":[15],"traffic":[17],"signals":[18],"in":[19,94],"an":[20],"oversaturated":[21],"network.":[22],"An":[23],"explicit":[24],"coordinating":[25],"mechanism":[26],"is":[27],"implemented":[28],"as":[29,122,124],"part":[30],"reward":[33],"structure":[34],"agent":[37],"using":[38],"max-plus":[40,86,129],"algorithm,":[41],"aiming":[42],"at":[43],"improving":[44],"network-wide":[46],"performance.":[47],"Results":[48],"from":[49,71],"a":[50,62],"simulated":[51],"network":[52],"realistic":[54],"features":[55],"showed":[56],"that":[57],"Q-learning":[58],"could":[60],"process":[61],"greater":[63],"number":[64,102],"vehicles":[66],"than":[67],"optimized":[68],"signal":[69],"timings":[70],"state-of-practice":[72],"simulation":[73],"software":[74],"TRANSYT7F,":[75],"even":[76],"under":[77],"varying":[78],"oversaturation":[79],"conditions.":[80],"The":[81],"effect":[82],"adding":[84],"algorithm":[87],"was":[88],"limited,":[89],"but":[90],"towards":[91],"improved":[92],"terms":[95],"both":[97],"total":[98],"throughput":[99],"and":[100],"reduced":[101],"stops":[104],"per":[105],"vehicle.":[106],"Ongoing":[107],"research":[108],"evaluates":[109],"potential":[110],"conditions":[111],"where":[112],"coordination":[114],"should":[115],"be":[116],"emphasized":[117],"to":[118],"further":[119],"enhance":[120],"results,":[121],"well":[123],"alternative":[125],"implementations":[126],"algorithm.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}