{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083848763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","title":"Hybridization of appearance and symmetry for vehicle-logo localization","display_name":"Hybridization of appearance and symmetry for vehicle-logo localization","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083848763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","mag":"2083848763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009856292","display_name":"Kai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030489357","display_name":"Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013565399","display_name":"Markus Vincze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-491X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Vincze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 27-29 / E376, A-1040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589611","display_name":"Fuqiang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, 201804, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading Campus, 4800 Cao'an Road, 201804, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009856292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94091494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"part iii","issue":null,"first_page":"1396","last_page":"1401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7702791690826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7447487711906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7113198637962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6893550157546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logo","display_name":"Logo (programming language)","score":0.5879553556442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5146875977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.50034499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4328112304210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4323442578315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.41583770513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3033038079738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29410409927368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19922950863838196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7702791690826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7447487711906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7113198637962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6893550157546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201436","display_name":"Logo (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5879553556442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5146875977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.50034499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4328112304210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4323442578315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.41583770513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3033038079738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29410409927368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19922950863838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495971627","https://openalex.org/W1515244452","https://openalex.org/W1566328901","https://openalex.org/W2051725640","https://openalex.org/W2095315834","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2122451825","https://openalex.org/W2123211807","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2139323304","https://openalex.org/W2164133250","https://openalex.org/W6630988933","https://openalex.org/W6634046001","https://openalex.org/W6684286131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382895929","https://openalex.org/W2164977745","https://openalex.org/W4247466689","https://openalex.org/W2156726901","https://openalex.org/W2940416500","https://openalex.org/W2734681527","https://openalex.org/W654884026","https://openalex.org/W1577150342","https://openalex.org/W17460865","https://openalex.org/W2372578044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"logo":[1,43,109],"detection":[2,98,110],"is":[3,37],"of":[4,32,61,76,140,147],"great":[5],"importance":[6],"in":[7,44,57,99,112],"Intelligent":[8],"Transportation":[9],"System":[10],"(ITS)":[11],"applications":[12],"since":[13],"it":[14],"augments":[15],"the":[16,30,41,52,58,62,143,148],"traditional":[17],"License":[18],"Plate":[19],"Recognition":[20],"(LPR)":[21],"based":[22,28],"vehicle":[23,42,77,86,108],"identification":[24],"solutions.":[25],"An":[26],"algorithm":[27],"on":[29,121,136],"combination":[31],"feature":[33,83],"appearance":[34],"and":[35,68,145],"symmetry":[36,117],"proposed":[38,149],"to":[39],"locate":[40],"a":[45,80,137],"digital":[46],"image.":[47],"The":[48],"air-intake":[49],"grille,":[50],"as":[51],"most":[53],"recognizable":[54],"visual":[55],"structure":[56],"front":[59],"view":[60],"vehicle,":[63],"can":[64],"be":[65],"efficiently":[66],"detected":[67],"recognized":[69],"thereby":[70],"providing":[71],"information":[72],"about":[73],"relative":[74],"position":[75],"logos.":[78],"Symmetry,":[79],"widely":[81],"used":[82],"for":[84],"analyzing":[85],"front-view":[87],"images,":[88],"has":[89],"also":[90],"been":[91],"taken":[92],"into":[93],"consideration":[94],"along":[95],"with":[96,114,123],"grille":[97],"this":[100],"paper.":[101],"This":[102],"hybrid":[103],"scheme":[104],"facilitates":[105],"more":[106],"accurate":[107],"rate":[111],"comparison":[113],"using":[115],"isolated":[116],"(which":[118,129],"performs":[119],"poorly":[120],"scenes":[122],"complex":[124],"background)":[125],"or":[126],"edge":[127],"statistics":[128],"cannot":[130],"handle":[131],"non/small-grille":[132],"vehicles).":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"large":[138],"number":[139],"images":[141],"validate":[142],"robustness":[144],"efficiency":[146],"algorithm.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}