{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998494506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","title":"Nighttime pedestrian detection by selecting strong near-infrared parts and enhanced spatially local model","display_name":"Nighttime pedestrian detection by selecting strong near-infrared parts and enhanced spatially local model","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998494506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","mag":"1998494506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080357587","display_name":"Yi-Shu Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Shu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070424910","display_name":"Yi-Ming Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ming Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925654","display_name":"Li\u2010Chen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Chen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008432754","display_name":"Pei\u2010Yung Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-7118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192168892","display_name":"National University of Kaohsiung","ror":"https://ror.org/013zjb662","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yung Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098410372","display_name":"Li-An Chuangs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-An Chuangs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030620861","display_name":"Yi\u2010Hsiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-8566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hsiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000653993","display_name":"Ming-Fang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Fang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"1765","last_page":"1770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.8664535284042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7622339725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7621647119522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7104964852333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7061324119567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6505741477012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6056525707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5916414260864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5545006394386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5193077921867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4822464883327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47487661242485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.337066113948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11994999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10686460137367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07217809557914734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.8664535284042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7622339725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7621647119522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7104964852333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7061324119567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6505741477012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6056525707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5916414260864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5545006394386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5193077921867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4822464883327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47487661242485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.337066113948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11994999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10686460137367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07217809557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481035327","https://openalex.org/W1541438145","https://openalex.org/W1864464506","https://openalex.org/W2011019877","https://openalex.org/W2051335239","https://openalex.org/W2097543505","https://openalex.org/W2111227709","https://openalex.org/W2115574509","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2123533187","https://openalex.org/W2138948290","https://openalex.org/W2150180218","https://openalex.org/W2152473410","https://openalex.org/W2152873711","https://openalex.org/W2154484283","https://openalex.org/W2156539399","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162400260","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2535410496","https://openalex.org/W6639328394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W2732843069","https://openalex.org/W3170495089","https://openalex.org/W2802018156","https://openalex.org/W4313315626","https://openalex.org/W4321784794","https://openalex.org/W2101531944","https://openalex.org/W4298149443","https://openalex.org/W2922437833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,8,13,54,107],"nighttime":[3,23],"pedestrian":[4,44,56],"detection":[5,57,90],"method":[6,58,156],"for":[7],"moving":[9],"vehicle":[10],"equipped":[11],"with":[12,52],"camera":[14],"and":[15,41,93,154,169],"the":[16,22,27,34,39,43,61,86,89,102,119,131],"near-infrared":[17],"lighting.":[18],"The":[19,128,162],"objects":[20],"in":[21,47],"environment":[24],"will":[25],"reflect":[26],"infrared":[28,40],"projected.":[29],"In":[30,80],"some":[31,139],"cases,":[32],"however,":[33],"clothes":[35],"absorb":[36],"most":[37],"of":[38,75,96,101,110,125,130],"make":[42],"partially":[45],"invisible":[46],"that":[48],"part.":[49],"To":[50,113],"deal":[51],"this,":[53],"part-based":[55],"according":[59],"to":[60,70,145,157],"feature":[62],"points":[63],"marked":[64],"on":[65],"parts":[66,77,133,140],"is":[67,165],"used.":[68],"Due":[69],"high":[71],"computation":[72],"load,":[73],"selection":[74],"effective":[76],"becomes":[78],"imperative.":[79],"this":[81,115],"research":[82],"work,":[83],"we":[84,117,150],"analyze":[85],"relations":[87],"between":[88,122],"rate/processing":[91],"time":[92],"different":[94],"numbers/types":[95],"parts.":[97,127],"Besides,":[98],"traditional":[99],"training":[100],"part":[103],"detector":[104],"normally":[105],"requires":[106],"large":[108],"number":[109],"occlusion":[111],"samples.":[112],"overcome":[114],"problem,":[116],"learn":[118],"spatial":[120],"relationship":[121],"every":[123],"pair":[124],"two":[126,152],"confidence":[129],"detected":[132],"can":[134],"be":[135],"enhanced":[136],"even":[137],"if":[138],"are":[141],"occluded.":[142],"While":[143],"trying":[144],"refine":[146],"pedestrians":[147],"after":[148],"detection,":[149],"use":[151],"filters":[153],"segmentation":[155],"verify":[158],"their":[159],"bounding":[160],"boxes.":[161],"proposed":[163],"system":[164],"verified":[166],"by":[167],"experiments":[168],"appealing":[170],"results":[171],"have":[172],"been":[173],"demonstrated.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}