{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145708690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","title":"Driver head pose and gaze estimation based on multi-template ICP 3-D point cloud alignment","display_name":"Driver head pose and gaze estimation based on multi-template ICP 3-D point cloud alignment","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145708690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","mag":"2145708690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112128452","display_name":"Tobias B\u00e4r","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Bar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086379191","display_name":"Jan Felix Reuter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Felix Reuter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028048","display_name":"J. Marius Z\u00f6llner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-7202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Marius Zollner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112128452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89549897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8474667072296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7993156909942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7825161218643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7343651652336121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7264350652694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.6517664194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.5965160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5144396424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5055117607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.48736268281936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.451009601354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4507959187030792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.43761318922042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1250324845314026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8474667072296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7993156909942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7825161218643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7343651652336121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7264350652694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.6517664194107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5965160131454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5144396424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5055117607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.48736268281936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.451009601354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4507959187030792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.43761318922042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1250324845314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170967330","https://openalex.org/W1589443630","https://openalex.org/W1643185111","https://openalex.org/W1883517952","https://openalex.org/W1974744233","https://openalex.org/W1992187125","https://openalex.org/W2010854031","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2069031758","https://openalex.org/W2119851068","https://openalex.org/W2126878850","https://openalex.org/W2131563332","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2151782086","https://openalex.org/W2162508706","https://openalex.org/W2168563234","https://openalex.org/W2169965057","https://openalex.org/W3136489197","https://openalex.org/W3210232381","https://openalex.org/W6606981235","https://openalex.org/W6635414781","https://openalex.org/W6636704036","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W4320086129","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Head":[0],"movements,":[1,45,82],"combined":[2],"with":[3,160],"the":[4,14,39,116,122,129,132,164,198,214,217,223,227],"line":[5,124,229],"of":[6,44,125,131,139,163,181,186,216,230,239],"gaze,":[7],"play":[8],"a":[9,23,105,136,172,178,184],"fundamental":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,18,41,54,189,197],"predicting":[13],"driver's":[15,123,228],"actions":[16],"and":[17,50,56,83,86,119,141,145,150],"inferring":[19],"his":[20,42],"intention.":[21],"However,":[22],"gaze":[24,108,126],"tracking":[25,109],"system":[26,110,114,157],"for":[27,94],"automotive":[28],"applications":[29],"needs":[30],"to":[31,60,67,89,135,205,236],"satisfy":[32],"high":[33,91,151],"demands:":[34],"It":[35],"must":[36,47],"not":[37],"disturb":[38],"driver":[40,95],"freedom":[43],"it":[46],"cover":[48],"large":[49],"fast":[51,65,69,137],"head":[52,81,117,166,202,224],"turns":[53],"yaw":[55,190],"pitch,":[57],"be":[58,64,84,154,192,211,233],"resistant":[59],"changing":[61],"illumination":[62],"conditions,":[63],"enough":[66,88],"recognize":[68],"mirror":[70],"checks,":[71],"which":[72],"are":[73],"performed":[74],"almost":[75],"exclusively":[76],"through":[77],"eye":[78],"rather":[79,221],"than":[80,222],"accurate":[85],"reliable":[87],"derive":[90],"quality":[92],"information":[93],"assistance":[96],"systems":[97,169],"relying":[98],"on":[99,171],"their":[100],"output.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"work":[104],"multi-template,":[106],"ICP-based":[107],"is":[111,158],"introduced.":[112],"The":[113,156],"determines":[115],"pose":[118,167,225],"subsequently":[120],"estimates":[121],"by":[127],"analyzing":[128],"angles":[130,215],"eyes.":[133],"Due":[134],"search":[138],"correspondences,":[140],"switching":[142],"between":[143],"point-to-point":[144],"point-to-plane":[146],"alignment,":[147],"real-time":[148],"performance":[149],"accuracy":[152],"can":[153,210],"achieved.":[155,193],"compared":[159],"other":[161],"state":[162],"art":[165],"estimation":[168],"based":[170],"publicly":[173],"available":[174],"benchmark":[175],"database,":[176],"where":[177],"classification":[179],"rate":[180],"92%":[182],"at":[183],"tolerance":[185],"10":[187],"degrees":[188],"could":[191,232],"We":[194],"further":[195],"show":[196],"experiments":[199],"section,":[200],"that":[201],"rotations":[203],"up":[204],"4":[206],"radians":[207],"per":[208],"seconds":[209],"handled.":[212],"Taking":[213],"eyes":[218],"into":[219],"account,":[220],"only,":[226],"sight":[231],"successfully":[234],"mapped":[235],"particular":[237],"regions":[238],"interest.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}