{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989348191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","title":"A novel technique for raindrop detection on a car windshield using geometric-photometric model","display_name":"A novel technique for raindrop detection on a car windshield using geometric-photometric model","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989348191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","mag":"1989348191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056733127","display_name":"Masanori Sugimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-0539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Sugimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","Faculty of Engineering, Department of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043691533","display_name":"Noriaki Kakiuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noriaki Kakiuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","Faculty of Engineering, Department of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052813295","display_name":"Noriyuki Ozaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132650","display_name":"Denso (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hkpfa76","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67530263","display_name":"Denso (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w314k38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650","https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noriyuki Ozaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya, Aichi, Japan","DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 48-8661, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 48-8661, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064476977","display_name":"R. Sugawara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67530263","display_name":"Denso (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w314k38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650","https://openalex.org/I67530263"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132650","display_name":"Denso (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hkpfa76","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryoichi Sugawara","raw_affiliation_strings":["DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya, Aichi, Japan","DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 48-8661, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 48-8661, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67530263"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056733127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.545613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"740","last_page":"745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windshield","display_name":"Windshield","score":0.9259139895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6648774147033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6515891551971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6460012197494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6176612973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5559485554695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4700818359851837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.390508770942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2443418800830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17981195449829102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693","display_name":"Windshield","level":2,"score":0.9259139895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6648774147033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6515891551971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6460012197494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6176612973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5559485554695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4700818359851837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.390508770942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2443418800830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17981195449829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2012.6338613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585341626","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1965572510","https://openalex.org/W2020056840","https://openalex.org/W2038133417","https://openalex.org/W2078974006","https://openalex.org/W2124404372","https://openalex.org/W2127550692","https://openalex.org/W2137031670","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150156615","https://openalex.org/W2597392554","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6635053254","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W7005482692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313189079","https://openalex.org/W1975196350","https://openalex.org/W2355178406","https://openalex.org/W4313015519","https://openalex.org/W4386172951","https://openalex.org/W1813089186","https://openalex.org/W2375242300","https://openalex.org/W4387860633","https://openalex.org/W2393892504","https://openalex.org/W3142730292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,48,143],"describe":[4],"a":[5,20,57,62,94,99,103,124,127,151],"novel":[6],"technique":[7],"for":[8],"detecting":[9],"raindrops":[10,18,82,122,141],"using":[11,36,61,150],"in-vehicle":[12],"camera":[13],"images.":[14],"The":[15],"appearance":[16],"of":[17,70,126,147,163],"on":[19,25,44,67,84],"car":[21],"windshield":[22],"can":[23,108],"depend":[24],"their":[26,85],"background,":[27],"so":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,76],"often":[31],"difficult":[32],"to":[33,79,87,138],"detect":[34],"them":[35],"conventional":[37,118],"template":[38],"matching":[39],"methods,":[40],"which":[41,120],"are":[42],"based":[43,66,83],"image":[45,60,75,148],"features.":[46],"Initially,":[47],"extract":[49,139],"potential":[50],"raindrop":[51,64,100,111],"regions":[52],"from":[53],"images,":[54],"before":[55],"generating":[56],"rendered":[58,74],"background":[59,90],"physical":[63],"model":[65,96],"the":[68,88,132,161,164],"refraction":[69],"light":[71],"rays.":[72],"This":[73,106],"then":[77],"used":[78],"identify":[80,144],"true":[81,89],"similarity":[86,149],"image.":[91],"We":[92,129,156],"propose":[93],"new":[95],"that":[97,159],"approximates":[98],"shape":[101],"as":[102,123],"spheroid":[104],"section.":[105],"method":[107],"represent":[109],"different":[110],"shapes":[112],"more":[113],"adaptively":[114],"and":[115,142],"flexibly":[116],"than":[117],"models,":[119],"approximate":[121],"section":[125],"sphere.":[128],"also":[130],"extend":[131],"Maximally":[133],"Stable":[134],"External":[135],"Regions":[136],"algorithm":[137],"candidate":[140],"three":[145],"measures":[146],"Support":[152],"Vector":[153],"Machine":[154],"algorithm.":[155],"conducted":[157],"experiments":[158],"confirmed":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"proposed":[165],"technique.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
