{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011019877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","title":"Near-infrared based nighttime pedestrian detection by combining multiple features","display_name":"Near-infrared based nighttime pedestrian detection by combining multiple features","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011019877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","mag":"2011019877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102934028","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-7064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070424910","display_name":"Yi-Ming Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ming Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085931260","display_name":"Luo-Chieh Chuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo-Chieh Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, TW","Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925654","display_name":"Li\u2010Chen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Chen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robot and Automation Lab., Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113975920","display_name":"Shih-Shinh Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109289231","display_name":"National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03858r716","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109289231"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Shinh Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, 2 Jhuoyue Rd., Nanzih, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109289231"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, 2 Jhuoyue Rd., Nanzih, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109289231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008432754","display_name":"Pei\u2010Yung Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-7118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192168892","display_name":"National University of Kaohsiung","ror":"https://ror.org/013zjb662","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yung Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Rd., Nan-zih District, 811. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Rd., Nan-zih District, 811. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021983062","display_name":"Min-Fang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189290911","display_name":"National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034ezwg26","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Fang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["System development center, Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Longtan Shaiang, Taoyuan, Taiwan","System development center of the Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, R.301, No. 566, Lane 134, Longyuan Rd., Longtan Shaiang, Taoyuan County 325, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System development center, Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Longtan Shaiang, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System development center of the Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, R.301, No. 566, Lane 134, Longyuan Rd., Longtan Shaiang, Taoyuan County 325, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1549","last_page":"1554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.8905134201049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7986956834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945778965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.7332886457443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7187570929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7112168669700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6676745414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6240241527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6144540905952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6110424995422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5500199198722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5133454203605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4740329086780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.4438949227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14717960357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08469375967979431}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.8905134201049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7986956834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945778965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.7332886457443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7187570929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7112168669700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6676745414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6240241527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6144540905952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6110424995422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5500199198722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5133454203605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4740329086780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.4438949227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14717960357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08469375967979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6083015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563060484","https://openalex.org/W1601907294","https://openalex.org/W1931813155","https://openalex.org/W1992825118","https://openalex.org/W1994376191","https://openalex.org/W1995444699","https://openalex.org/W2036490799","https://openalex.org/W2067887288","https://openalex.org/W2097324787","https://openalex.org/W2097509141","https://openalex.org/W2097543505","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2115574509","https://openalex.org/W2124372976","https://openalex.org/W2128694549","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133984628","https://openalex.org/W2140743285","https://openalex.org/W2143998680","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162400260","https://openalex.org/W2169671170","https://openalex.org/W3151111735","https://openalex.org/W4237938455","https://openalex.org/W6674662834","https://openalex.org/W6674902714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W2392615019","https://openalex.org/W2879046444","https://openalex.org/W2791998051","https://openalex.org/W2316461419","https://openalex.org/W1977648593","https://openalex.org/W2348780717","https://openalex.org/W2578456052","https://openalex.org/W4224879220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0],"detection":[1,13,40,95,132,139],"is":[2,14,141],"important":[3],"in":[4,28,53,143],"the":[5,10,23,76,80,99,102,131,144],"computer":[6],"vision":[7],"field.":[8],"In":[9,18],"nighttime,":[11],"pedestrian":[12,94,138],"even":[15],"more":[16],"valuable.":[17],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"we":[21,73,90],"address":[22],"issue":[24],"of":[25,112,127],"detecting":[26],"pedestrians":[27,120],"video":[29],"streams":[30],"from":[31,47,58,121],"a":[32,92],"moving":[33],"camera":[34],"at":[35,66],"nighttime.":[36],"Most":[37],"nighttime":[38,93,145],"human":[39],"approaches":[41],"only":[42],"use":[43],"single":[44],"feature":[45],"extracted":[46],"images.":[48],"The":[49],"effective":[50],"image":[51],"features":[52,116,129],"daytime":[54],"environment":[55],"may":[56],"suffer":[57],"textureless,":[59],"high":[60],"contrast":[61],"and":[62,101,110],"low":[63],"light":[64],"problems":[65],"night.":[67],"To":[68],"deal":[69],"with":[70,108],"these":[71],"issues,":[72],"first":[74],"segment":[75],"foreground":[77],"by":[78],"using":[79],"proposed":[81],"Smart":[82],"Region":[83],"Detection":[84],"approach":[85],"to":[86,117],"generate":[87],"candidates.":[88,123],"Then":[89],"design":[91],"system":[96,140],"based":[97],"on":[98],"AdaBoost":[100],"support":[103],"vector":[104],"machine":[105],"(SVM)":[106],"classifiers":[107],"contour":[109],"histogram":[111],"oriented":[113],"gradients":[114],"(HOG)":[115],"effectively":[118],"recognize":[119],"those":[122],"Combining":[124],"different":[125],"type":[126],"complementary":[128],"improve":[130],"performance.":[133],"Results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"our":[137],"promising":[142],"environment.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
