{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082725356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","title":"Evaluation of Boosting-SVM and SRM-SVM cascade classifiers in laser and vision-based pedestrian detection","display_name":"Evaluation of Boosting-SVM and SRM-SVM cascade classifiers in laser and vision-based pedestrian detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082725356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","mag":"2082725356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074450413","display_name":"Oswaldo Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-6195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oswaldo Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039508418","display_name":"Cristiano Premebida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-2077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristiano Premebida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011728288","display_name":"Urbano Nunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-5221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urbano Nunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023127369","display_name":"Rui Ara\u00fajo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074450413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87939067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1574","last_page":"1579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7330056428909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7268925309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7252951264381409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.7174590229988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6784185171127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.584223210811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.519637942314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4578581750392914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41747578978538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.3827095031738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15552601218223572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7330056428909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7268925309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7252951264381409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.7174590229988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6784185171127319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.584223210811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.519637942314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4578581750392914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41747578978538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.3827095031738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15552601218223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6082909","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.717.8805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.717.8805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://home.isr.uc.pt/%7Erui/publications/itsc2011_web.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.827.39","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.827.39","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://home.isr.uc.pt/%7Ecpremebida/files_cp/Evaluation%20of%20Boosting-SVM%20and%20SRM-SVM%20Cascade%20Classifiers%20in%20Laser%20and%20Vision-based%20Pedestrian%20Detection.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549083695","https://openalex.org/W2046863527","https://openalex.org/W2074602185","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2117990954","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2125896931","https://openalex.org/W2133505209","https://openalex.org/W2139479830","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2150702950","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W3083767870","https://openalex.org/W6677732001","https://openalex.org/W6680028861","https://openalex.org/W6682059510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W2914343065","https://openalex.org/W2330964916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0,135],"detection":[1,219],"systems":[2,19],"constitute":[3],"an":[4,118,142,150],"important":[5],"field":[6],"of":[7,34,69,74,94,170,188,206,218],"research":[8],"and":[9,121,133,159,177,210],"development":[10],"in":[11,17,20,28,32,53,59,84,98,126,141,216],"computer":[12],"vision,":[13],"specially":[14],"when":[15],"applied":[16],"protection/safety":[18],"urban":[21,143],"scenarios":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,39,182],"their":[25],"direct":[26],"impact":[27],"the":[29,64,67,85,92,95,198,204,211],"society,":[30],"specifically":[31],"terms":[33,217],"traffic":[35],"casualties.":[36],"In":[37],"order":[38],"face":[40],"such":[41],"challenge,":[42],"this":[43,127],"work":[44],"exploits":[45],"some":[46],"developments":[47],"on":[48,71,186],"statistical":[49],"machine":[50],"learning":[51],"theory,":[52],"particular":[54],"structural":[55],"risk":[56],"minimization":[57],"(SRM)":[58],"a":[60,72,106,113,115,122,193,207],"cascade":[61,100,169,209,214],"ensemble.":[62],"Namely,":[63],"ensemble":[65],"applies":[66],"principle":[68],"SRM":[70],"set":[73],"linear":[75,81],"support":[76,103],"vector":[77],"machines":[78],"(SVM).":[79],"The":[80,129,168],"SVM":[82],"complexity,":[83],"Vapnik":[86],"sense,":[87],"is":[88,124,180],"controlled":[89],"by":[90,110,192],"choosing":[91],"dimension":[93],"feature":[96],"space":[97],"each":[99],"stage.":[101],"To":[102],"experimental":[104,201],"analysis,":[105],"multi-sensor":[107],"dataset":[108],"constituted":[109],"data":[111],"from":[112],"LIDAR,":[114],"monocular":[116],"camera,":[117],"IMU,":[119],"encoder":[120],"DGPS":[123],"introduced":[125],"paper.":[128],"dataset,":[130,138],"named":[131],"Laser":[132],"Image":[134],"Detection":[136],"(LIPD)":[137],"was":[139],"collected":[140],"environment,":[144],"at":[145,154],"day":[146],"light":[147],"conditions,":[148],"using":[149],"electrical":[151],"vehicle":[152],"driven":[153],"low":[155],"speed.":[156],"Labeled":[157],"pedestrians":[158],"non-pedestrians":[160],"samples":[161],"are":[162],"also":[163],"available":[164],"for":[165],"benchmarking":[166],"purpose.":[167],"SVMs,":[171],"trained":[172],"with":[173],"image-based":[174],"features":[175],"(HOG":[176],"COV":[178],"descriptors),":[179],"used":[181],"detect":[183],"pedestrian":[184],"evidences":[185],"regions":[187],"interest":[189],"(ROI)":[190],"generated":[191],"LIDAR-based":[194],"processing":[195],"system.":[196],"Finally,":[197],"paper":[199],"presents":[200],"results":[202],"comparing":[203],"performance":[205],"Boosting-SVM":[208],"proposed":[212],"SRM-SVM":[213],"classifiers,":[215],"errors.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}