{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060713253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","title":"A shadow removal algorithm for vehicle detection based on reflectance ratio and edge density","display_name":"A shadow removal algorithm for vehicle detection based on reflectance ratio and edge density","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060713253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","mag":"2060713253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110847818","display_name":"Manuel Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9499-3978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003625612","display_name":"S. L. Toral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Toral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Engineering Department, University of Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Engineering Department, University of Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108962727","display_name":"J. M. Milla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Milla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063465432","display_name":"Federico Barrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Barrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Engineering Department, University of Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Engineering Department, University of Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110847818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81490209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1123","last_page":"1128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8309317827224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7438591122627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7241297960281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.703825056552887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6861006021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.6431992650032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5655052065849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.49708226323127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4733034670352936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.4435290992259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3105473518371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.29091906547546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2793365716934204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8309317827224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7438591122627258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7241297960281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703825056552887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6861006021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6431992650032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5655052065849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.49708226323127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4733034670352936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.4435290992259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3105473518371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.29091906547546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2793365716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7743858","https://openalex.org/W1571604258","https://openalex.org/W1987871556","https://openalex.org/W2000668593","https://openalex.org/W2010828461","https://openalex.org/W2023151535","https://openalex.org/W2028469926","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2084885787","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2100950481","https://openalex.org/W2101100151","https://openalex.org/W2106459587","https://openalex.org/W2111427798","https://openalex.org/W2111486566","https://openalex.org/W2114223573","https://openalex.org/W2117763322","https://openalex.org/W2124082557","https://openalex.org/W2130099717","https://openalex.org/W2133593693","https://openalex.org/W2156530496","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2164208630","https://openalex.org/W6600320863","https://openalex.org/W6634128731","https://openalex.org/W6676973682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093504595","https://openalex.org/W2400514148","https://openalex.org/W2028037572","https://openalex.org/W2315652488","https://openalex.org/W2039365229","https://openalex.org/W2101902114","https://openalex.org/W2145843506","https://openalex.org/W2379089757","https://openalex.org/W2056407677","https://openalex.org/W2128085731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"vehicle":[1],"detection":[2],"systems":[3],"in":[4,115],"urban":[5],"and":[6,61,103],"inter-urban":[7],"traffic":[8,111],"using":[9],"computer":[10],"vision":[11],"are":[12,113],"frequently":[13],"based":[14,89],"on":[15,44,90,94],"background":[16,77,105],"subtraction":[17,78],"methods.":[18],"Moving":[19],"shadows":[20],"represent":[21],"a":[22,71,95],"serious":[23],"difficulty":[24],"for":[25,76],"these":[26],"methods,":[27,79],"as":[28,32],"they":[29],"will":[30],"appear":[31],"part":[33],"of":[34,51,121],"the":[35,49,100,104,119,122],"segmented":[36],"foreground":[37],"vehicles.":[38],"Shadow":[39],"removal":[40,73],"algorithms":[41],"usually":[42],"rely":[43],"exploiting":[45],"color":[46,53],"properties.":[47],"However,":[48],"use":[50],"image":[52],"information,":[54],"when":[55],"available,":[56],"is":[57,84,88],"more":[58],"computationally":[59],"demanding":[60],"it":[62],"may":[63],"compromise":[64],"many":[65],"real-time":[66],"implementations.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"shadow":[72],"algorithm,":[74],"suitable":[75],"where":[80],"only":[81],"grayscale":[82],"information":[83],"required.":[85],"The":[86],"method":[87],"edge":[91],"density":[92],"computation":[93],"quotient":[96],"image,":[97],"obtained":[98],"from":[99,109],"current":[101],"frame":[102],"model.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"various":[110],"scenes":[112],"provided":[114],"order":[116],"to":[117],"prove":[118],"validity":[120],"proposed":[123],"method.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}