{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152785852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","title":"An Enhanced Background Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic Video","display_name":"An Enhanced Background Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic Video","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152785852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","mag":"2152785852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001126437","display_name":"Manuel Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Member, IEEE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Member, IEEE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003625612","display_name":"S. L. Toral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. L. Toral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Member, IEEE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Member, IEEE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063465432","display_name":"Federico Barrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Barrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Member, IEEE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Member, IEEE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108962727","display_name":"J. M. Milla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Milla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001126437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86854818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4756","issue":null,"first_page":"784","last_page":"790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7703905701637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7460163235664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5770164132118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5063437223434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5045212507247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48050081729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4730341136455536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7703905701637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7460163235664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5770164132118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5063437223434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5045212507247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48050081729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4730341136455536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2008.4732541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50432363","https://openalex.org/W174932778","https://openalex.org/W224526662","https://openalex.org/W1499877760","https://openalex.org/W1521365818","https://openalex.org/W1523991265","https://openalex.org/W1533698355","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1994304612","https://openalex.org/W2000668593","https://openalex.org/W2003534531","https://openalex.org/W2027945172","https://openalex.org/W2028797628","https://openalex.org/W2032279931","https://openalex.org/W2070177605","https://openalex.org/W2084885787","https://openalex.org/W2096309046","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2104733578","https://openalex.org/W2106217004","https://openalex.org/W2111794548","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2112445825","https://openalex.org/W2114701396","https://openalex.org/W2115213191","https://openalex.org/W2121274305","https://openalex.org/W2122423951","https://openalex.org/W2130099717","https://openalex.org/W2132576733","https://openalex.org/W2135388176","https://openalex.org/W2137479423","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2142251840","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2145517081","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2154438614","https://openalex.org/W2157677694","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W2160510830","https://openalex.org/W2163330161","https://openalex.org/W2167152210","https://openalex.org/W2168813398","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6608861988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2065055572","https://openalex.org/W2784269775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"enhanced":[4,77],"version":[5],"of":[6,74],"the":[7,19,22,47,60,72,75],"sigma":[8],"delta":[9],"background":[10,23,56],"estimation":[11],"method,":[12],"suitable":[13],"for":[14],"urban":[15,68],"traffic":[16,69],"scenes.":[17],"In":[18],"original":[20],"algorithm,":[21],"model":[24,57],"quickly":[25],"degrades":[26],"in":[27,50],"such":[28],"complex":[29],"scenes,":[30],"being":[31],"easily":[32],"contaminated":[33],"by":[34],"slow":[35],"moving":[36],"or":[37],"temporarily":[38],"stopped":[39],"vehicles.":[40],"Some":[41],"heuristics":[42],"have":[43],"been":[44],"added":[45],"to":[46,52],"basic":[48],"algorithm":[49],"order":[51],"make":[53],"a":[54],"selective":[55],"updating":[58],"at":[59],"pixel":[61],"level.":[62],"Experimental":[63],"tests":[64],"made":[65],"over":[66],"typical":[67],"streams":[70],"prove":[71],"validity":[73],"proposed":[76],"version.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}