{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975617424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","title":"An HMM-Based Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Congested Traffic Situations","display_name":"An HMM-Based Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Congested Traffic Situations","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975617424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","mag":"1975617424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101602653","display_name":"Ming Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7400-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396844","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0404-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102879805","display_name":"Huadong Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-9535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003384431","display_name":"Xiqin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-0466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Email:","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Email:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101602653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86463719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"736","last_page":"741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8501537442207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229161262512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6690367460250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.574616014957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.49913573265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49157461524009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43053895235061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4067190885543823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8501537442207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229161262512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6690367460250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.574616014957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.49913573265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49157461524009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43053895235061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4067190885543823}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2007.4357694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558882839","https://openalex.org/W2095850482","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2099695159","https://openalex.org/W2101111282","https://openalex.org/W2103394762","https://openalex.org/W2105238070","https://openalex.org/W2112954988","https://openalex.org/W2114367927","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131490916","https://openalex.org/W2137358782","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2163330161","https://openalex.org/W2167848361","https://openalex.org/W2544532861","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4302161581","https://openalex.org/W6633588599","https://openalex.org/W6675096857","https://openalex.org/W6675489837","https://openalex.org/W6676874217","https://openalex.org/W6677226838","https://openalex.org/W6684737372","https://openalex.org/W7014191107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052589448","https://openalex.org/W2765337000","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W2391447249","https://openalex.org/W2312955079","https://openalex.org/W2350996391","https://openalex.org/W2066119650","https://openalex.org/W4224057882","https://openalex.org/W1993173579","https://openalex.org/W2383444525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"occlusion":[1,35],"in":[2,10,83,105],"congested":[3,106],"ground":[4],"traffic":[5,12,107],"situations":[6],"causes":[7],"performance":[8],"degradation":[9],"visual":[11],"surveillance":[13],"systems.":[14],"In":[15,42],"this":[16,84],"paper,":[17],"we":[18,45,87],"present":[19],"a":[20],"hidden":[21],"Markov":[22],"model":[23],"(HMM)":[24],"-based":[25],"vehicle":[26,34],"detection":[27],"algorithm":[28,102],"that":[29,100],"is":[30,103],"capable":[31],"of":[32,97],"handling":[33],"and":[36,52,63,76],"detecting":[37],"vehicles":[38,89],"from":[39,60],"image":[40,70],"sequences.":[41,95],"our":[43,101],"algorithm,":[44],"first":[46],"use":[47],"principal":[48],"component":[49],"analysis":[50,55],"(PCA)":[51],"multiple":[53],"discriminant":[54],"(MDA)":[56],"to":[57,67],"extract":[58],"features":[59],"input":[61],"images,":[62],"then":[64],"apply":[65],"HMM":[66],"classify":[68],"each":[69],"into":[71],"three":[72],"categories":[73,79],"(road,":[74],"head":[75],"body),":[77],"where":[78],"are":[80],"called":[81],"states":[82],"paper.":[85],"Finally":[86],"detect":[88],"by":[90],"analyzing":[91],"the":[92],"extracted":[93],"state":[94],"Results":[96],"experiments":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"effective":[104],"situations.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}