{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116836783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547","title":"Beyond the Black Box: A Framework for Explainable and Attack-Resilient Federated Anomaly Detection in IIoT","display_name":"Beyond the Black Box: A Framework for Explainable and Attack-Resilient Federated Anomaly Detection in IIoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116836783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 35th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/bitstreams/bec77168-f17d-4c05-a9ac-f36b0142187b/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003228223","display_name":"Andrea Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0989-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de los Andes,School of Engineering,Systems and Computing Engineering Department,Bogot&#x00E1;,Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de los Andes,School of Engineering,Systems and Computing Engineering Department,Bogot&#x00E1;,Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074828533","display_name":"Yezid Donoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-1522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yezid Donoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de los Andes,School of Engineering,Systems and Computing Engineering Department,Bogot&#x00E1;,Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de los Andes,School of Engineering,Systems and Computing Engineering Department,Bogot&#x00E1;,Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112822567","display_name":"Jairo A. Guti\u00e9rrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jairo A. Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland University of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences,Auckland,New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland University of Technology,Department of Computer Science and Information Sciences,Auckland,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758","https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003228223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58702105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.26919999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.26919999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.14180000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.12439999729394913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.7581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7141000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.36559998989105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.7581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7141000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itnac66378.2025.11302547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 35th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openrepository.aut.ac.nz:10292/20470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10292/20470","pdf_url":"https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/bitstreams/bec77168-f17d-4c05-a9ac-f36b0142187b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401809","display_name":"Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","host_organization_name":"Auckland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openrepository.aut.ac.nz:10292/20470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10292/20470","pdf_url":"https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/bitstreams/bec77168-f17d-4c05-a9ac-f36b0142187b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401809","display_name":"Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","host_organization_name":"Auckland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116836783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7116836783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036791758","https://openalex.org/W3086579950","https://openalex.org/W4205843451","https://openalex.org/W4313855380","https://openalex.org/W4379618880","https://openalex.org/W4401108970","https://openalex.org/W4404556736","https://openalex.org/W4404794127","https://openalex.org/W4406060097","https://openalex.org/W4408565895","https://openalex.org/W4410059811","https://openalex.org/W4410614001"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0,49],"Learning":[1,50],"(FL)":[2],"is":[3,38,126],"a":[4,32,46,91,141],"promising":[5],"paradigm":[6],"for":[7,40,128,153],"anomaly":[8,158],"detection":[9,159],"in":[10,160],"Industrial":[11],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,34,79,123,144],"Things":[14],"(IIoT)":[15],"environments.":[16,42],"However,":[17],"existing":[18],"FL":[19],"frameworks":[20],"suffer":[21],"from":[22,75,108,135],"vulnerabilities":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"model":[26,35,86],"poisoning":[27],"attacks,":[28,148],"privacy":[29],"leakage,":[30],"and":[31,97,149,156],"lack":[33],"interpretability,":[36],"which":[37],"critical":[39],"IIoT":[41],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"introduces":[45],"novel":[47],"framework,":[48],"with":[51],"Explainable":[52],"Anomaly":[53],"Signals":[54],"(FL-EAS),":[55],"designed":[56],"to":[57,95,112],"overcome":[58],"these":[59],"limitations.":[60],"FLEAS":[61],"fundamentally":[62],"alters":[63],"the":[64,76,109,113,131,136],"federated":[65],"learning":[66],"process":[67,133],"by":[68],"exchanging":[69],"compact,":[70],"21-dimensional":[71],"feature":[72],"vector":[73],"derived":[74],"reconstruction":[77],"errors":[78],"local,":[80],"explainable":[81],"models,":[82],"rather":[83],"than":[84],"raw":[85],"parameters.":[87],"The":[88,121],"framework":[89],"incorporates":[90],"server-side":[92],"supervised":[93],"classifier":[94],"detect":[96],"reject":[98],"malicious":[99],"contributions,":[100],"thereby":[101],"ensuring":[102],"attack":[103],"resilience.":[104],"By":[105],"propagating":[106],"explainability":[107],"client":[110],"edge":[111],"global":[114],"model,":[115],"FL-EAS":[116],"provides":[117],"transparent,":[118],"human-interpretable":[119],"results.":[120],"efficacy":[122],"this":[124],"approach":[125],"contextualized":[127],"evaluation":[129],"using":[130],"physical":[132],"data":[134],"BATADAL":[137],"2.0":[138],"dataset,":[139],"demonstrating":[140,150],"state-of-the-art":[142],"F1-score":[143],"0.9511":[145],"on":[146],"concealed":[147],"its":[151],"potential":[152],"secure,":[154],"efficient,":[155],"trustworthy":[157],"real-world":[161],"Cyber-Physical":[162],"Systems.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-12-23T00:00:00"}
