{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008024401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","title":"Approaching the ultimate limits of communication efficiency with a photon-counting detector","display_name":"Approaching the ultimate limits of communication efficiency with a photon-counting detector","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008024401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","mag":"2008024401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Information Theory and Applications Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089294016","display_name":"Baris I. Erkmen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baris Erkmen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057356546","display_name":"Bruce Moision","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Moision","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113505062","display_name":"S. Dolinar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel J. Dolinar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068465785","display_name":"Kevin Birnbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin M. Birnbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033923371","display_name":"D. Divsalar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-3078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariush Divsalar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79066653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"420","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-states","display_name":"Coherent states","score":0.6153147220611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.6008424162864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.537065327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5145313143730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4980037212371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4936448335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4532715380191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42431530356407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.37290698289871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37272170186042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35218480229377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.33758389949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32715904712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.23044943809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1933583915233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15547221899032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10768690705299377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152026323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032070","display_name":"Coherent states","level":3,"score":0.6153147220611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.6008424162864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.537065327167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5145313143730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4980037212371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4936448335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4532715380191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42431530356407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37290698289871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37272170186042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35218480229377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.33758389949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32715904712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.23044943809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1933583915233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15547221899032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10768690705299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ita.2012.6181832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Information Theory and Applications Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1984042648","https://openalex.org/W1990977980","https://openalex.org/W2000413960","https://openalex.org/W2009191939","https://openalex.org/W2010559891","https://openalex.org/W2023810990","https://openalex.org/W2026127358","https://openalex.org/W2032204308","https://openalex.org/W2033428839","https://openalex.org/W2067884480","https://openalex.org/W2072575625","https://openalex.org/W2072801661","https://openalex.org/W2092608940","https://openalex.org/W2116793529","https://openalex.org/W2127913510","https://openalex.org/W2133241337","https://openalex.org/W2145974194","https://openalex.org/W2250085467","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W3101058921","https://openalex.org/W4238077531","https://openalex.org/W4239951996","https://openalex.org/W6691379966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W2043523297","https://openalex.org/W2475378634","https://openalex.org/W2113405914","https://openalex.org/W4312353617","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W4235249401","https://openalex.org/W2331305369","https://openalex.org/W2076430825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coherent":[0],"states":[1],"achieve":[2,132],"the":[3,44,49,65,80,101,113,139,144,165,169],"Holevo":[4,81,103,145],"capacity":[5],"of":[6,20,25,35],"a":[7,17,71,86,148,157,176],"pure-loss":[8],"channel":[9],"when":[10],"paired":[11],"with":[12,55,70,120],"an":[13,133],"optimal":[14],"measurement,":[15,73],"but":[16],"physical":[18],"realization":[19],"this":[21,39],"measurement":[22,46],"is":[23,30,156],"as":[24],"yet":[26],"unknown,":[27],"and":[28,47,51,59],"it":[29],"also":[31],"likely":[32],"to":[33,79,95,167],"be":[34],"high":[36,127],"complexity.":[37],"In":[38],"paper,":[40],"we":[41,154],"focus":[42],"on":[43,162],"photon-counting":[45,72],"study":[48],"photon":[50,97,116,128],"dimensional":[52,114],"efficiencies":[53],"attainable":[54],"modulations":[56],"over":[57],"classical-":[58],"nonclassical-state":[60],"alphabets.":[61],"We":[62,83,105,123],"first":[63,152],"review":[64],"state-of-the-art":[66],"coherent":[67],"on-off-keying":[68],"(OOK)":[69],"illustrating":[74],"its":[75],"asymptotic":[76],"inefficiency":[77],"relative":[78],"limit.":[82,104],"show":[84,124],"that":[85,110,125,136,160],"commonly":[87],"made":[88],"Poisson":[89],"approximation":[90],"in":[91],"thermal":[92],"noise":[93],"leads":[94],"unbounded":[96],"information":[98],"efficiencies,":[99],"violating":[100],"conjectured":[102],"analyze":[106,155],"two":[107],"binary-modulation":[108],"architectures":[109,131],"improve":[111],"upon":[112],"versus":[115],"efficiency":[117,129,134],"tradeoff":[118,135],"achievable":[119],"conventional":[121],"OOK.":[122],"at":[126],"these":[130],"differs":[137],"from":[138,164],"best":[140],"possible":[141],"tradeoff-determined":[142],"by":[143],"capacity-by":[146],"only":[147],"constant":[149],"factor.":[150],"The":[151,172],"architecture":[153,174],"coherent-state":[158],"transmitter":[159],"relies":[161],"feedback":[163],"receiver":[166],"control":[168],"transmitted":[170],"energy.":[171],"second":[173],"uses":[175],"single-photon":[177],"number-state":[178],"source.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
