{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401808175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053","title":"Energy Optimization using Joint Modulation Scheme and Front End Adaptation \u2013 the Gearbox-PHY","display_name":"Energy Optimization using Joint Modulation Scheme and Front End Adaptation \u2013 the Gearbox-PHY","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401808175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 19th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010548951","display_name":"Florian Gast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4297-7364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Gast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073011235","display_name":"Florian Roth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070681942","display_name":"Meik D\u00f6rpinghaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-0281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meik D\u00f6rpinghaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025752918","display_name":"Padmanava Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113131","display_name":"Barkhausen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0260qqv98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113131"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Padmanava Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barkhausen Institut,Dresden,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barkhausen Institut,Dresden,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016454655","display_name":"Stephan Zeitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4962-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Zeitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022117288","display_name":"Gerhard Fettweis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard P. Fettweis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010548951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84347461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14156","display_name":"Engineering Applied Research","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14156","display_name":"Engineering Applied Research","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.7796894907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7339200973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6590685844421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.6215482950210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5541530847549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5305778384208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5160765051841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4855780005455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.47485116124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-adaptation","display_name":"Link adaptation","score":0.4151889681816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27020013332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.18264564871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15200096368789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10516804456710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10492730140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09084305167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08305132389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07483994960784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.0711010992527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07079941034317017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.7796894907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7339200973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6590685844421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.6215482950210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5541530847549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5305778384208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5160765051841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4855780005455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.47485116124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138916503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2714551","display_name":"Link adaptation","level":4,"score":0.4151889681816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27020013332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.18264564871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15200096368789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10516804456710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10492730140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09084305167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08305132389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07483994960784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0711010992527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07079941034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs61526.2024.10639053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 19th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1839886797","https://openalex.org/W2051775834","https://openalex.org/W2067151774","https://openalex.org/W2083434429","https://openalex.org/W2084662858","https://openalex.org/W2136493079","https://openalex.org/W2152481521","https://openalex.org/W2165808853","https://openalex.org/W2166455013","https://openalex.org/W2321859177","https://openalex.org/W2577892758","https://openalex.org/W2585026918","https://openalex.org/W3013296312","https://openalex.org/W3038008759","https://openalex.org/W3130447136","https://openalex.org/W3144071277","https://openalex.org/W3182674496","https://openalex.org/W3186103276","https://openalex.org/W3207722348","https://openalex.org/W4396564038","https://openalex.org/W4396667853","https://openalex.org/W6875946827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283023968","https://openalex.org/W1964667553","https://openalex.org/W2001476941","https://openalex.org/W2390471376","https://openalex.org/W2911484103","https://openalex.org/W2101197234","https://openalex.org/W2363366933","https://openalex.org/W1518342747","https://openalex.org/W1485245930","https://openalex.org/W2108719724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"communications":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3,167],"increasingly":[4],"demanding":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"solutions":[7],"to":[8,91,144,179],"address":[9],"the":[10,15,23,54,69,102,112,115,154,158],"growing":[11],"environmental":[12],"concerns":[13],"and":[14,41,50,85,134,147],"need":[16],"for":[17,130,142],"sustainable":[18],"technologies.":[19],"This":[20,96],"paper":[21],"investigates":[22],"energy":[24,70,120,165,180],"efficiency":[25,113,121,178,181],"gains":[26],"achievable":[27],"with":[28,157],"a":[29,74,170],"Gearbox-physical":[30],"layer":[31],"(PHY),":[32],"capable":[33],"of":[34,53,57,73,101,104,108,114],"dynamically":[35],"switching":[36],"between":[37],"different":[38,106],"modulation":[39,79,83,94,109],"schemes":[40,110],"corresponding":[42],"front":[43,60],"ends,":[44],"denoted":[45],"as":[46],"gears.":[47],"Utilizing":[48],"models":[49],"literature-based":[51],"measurements":[52],"power":[55,116],"consumption":[56],"key":[58],"analog":[59],"end":[61],"components,":[62],"we":[63],"extend":[64],"our":[65,123],"previous":[66],"work":[67],"on":[68,111],"saving":[71],"potential":[72],"Gearbox-PHY":[75,155],"by":[76],"considering":[77],"time-domain":[78],"schemes,":[80],"i.e.,":[81],"zero-crossing":[82],"(ZXM)":[84],"time-derived":[86],"ZXM":[87,139],"(TD-ZXM),":[88],"in":[89,173,182],"addition":[90],"quadrature":[92],"amplitude":[93],"(QAM).":[95],"also":[97],"includes":[98],"an":[99,119],"evaluation":[100],"impact":[103],"these":[105],"classes":[107],"amplifier.":[117],"From":[118],"perspective,":[122],"analysis":[124],"reveals":[125],"that":[126,163],"QAM":[127],"is":[128,140],"optimal":[129],"peak":[131,176],"data":[132],"rates":[133],"low":[135,151],"carrier":[136],"frequencies,":[137],"while":[138],"preferable":[141],"medium":[143],"high":[145],"rates,":[146],"TD-ZXM":[148],"excels":[149],"at":[150],"rates.":[152],"Comparing":[153],"approach":[156,161],"conventional":[159],"single-gear":[160],"shows":[162],"significant":[164],"savings":[166],"possible,":[168],"suggesting":[169],"paradigm":[171],"shift":[172],"focus":[174],"from":[175],"spectral":[177],"PHY":[183],"design.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}