{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2337030804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","title":"Using k-means clustering with transfer and Q learning for spectrum, load and energy optimization in opportunistic mobile broadband networks","display_name":"Using k-means clustering with transfer and Q learning for spectrum, load and energy optimization in opportunistic mobile broadband networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2337030804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","mag":"2337030804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055773757","display_name":"Qiyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003094661","display_name":"David Grace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Grace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015870593","display_name":"Andrej Vilhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-8370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrej Vilhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jozef Stefan Insitute, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jozef Stefan Insitute, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011704865","display_name":"Toma\u017e Javornik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomaz Javornik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jozef Stefan Insitute, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jozef Stefan Insitute, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62387937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"116","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7818863391876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.626273512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6126376390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.5621605515480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.5387647151947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5377476811408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.47428375482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.46242421865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4550155699253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.44439053535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-mode","display_name":"Sleep mode","score":0.43352892994880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.41522878408432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.41006147861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40411055088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2872735559940338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.2203727662563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11930069327354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0999085009098053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7818863391876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.626273512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6126376390457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.5621605515480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.5387647151947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5377476811408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.47428375482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46242421865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4550155699253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.44439053535461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57149124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587346","display_name":"Sleep mode","level":4,"score":0.43352892994880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.41522878408432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.41006147861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40411055088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2872735559940338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.2203727662563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11930069327354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0999085009098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506658258","https://openalex.org/W1969188575","https://openalex.org/W2013179223","https://openalex.org/W2013415723","https://openalex.org/W2114633160","https://openalex.org/W2115603171","https://openalex.org/W2117781560","https://openalex.org/W2149256602","https://openalex.org/W2152359249","https://openalex.org/W2152927032","https://openalex.org/W2154446918","https://openalex.org/W2155303957","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2545861465","https://openalex.org/W6677242190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2563943286","https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W2966826037","https://openalex.org/W2121237322","https://openalex.org/W2184245033","https://openalex.org/W2944222538","https://openalex.org/W2320718078","https://openalex.org/W2123899227","https://openalex.org/W2653530212","https://openalex.org/W2067765598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,16,26,48,107,136],"use":[6],"of":[7,128],"an":[8,140],"integrated":[9,64],"machine":[10],"learning":[11,68,75,86,118,121,137],"algorithm":[12,41,69,76],"to":[13,45,55,87,106],"jointly":[14],"optimize":[15],"spectrum":[17,60,129],"allocation,":[18],"load":[19,131],"balancing":[20],"and":[21,34,59,73,91,112,119,130,146],"energy":[22,144],"saving":[23,145],"aspects":[24],"in":[25,50,126],"opportunistic":[27],"mobile":[28],"broadband":[29],"network":[30],"for":[31,70,77],"temporary":[32],"event":[33],"disaster":[35],"relief":[36],"scenarios.":[37],"A":[38],"novel":[39],"k-means":[40],"has":[42],"been":[43],"developed":[44,83],"dynamically":[46],"partition":[47],"users":[49],"a":[51,66,101],"cell":[52,78,113],"into":[53],"clusters,":[54],"improve":[56,88],"interference":[57],"mitigation":[58],"reuse.":[61],"It":[62],"is":[63,82,97],"with":[65],"Q":[67,85,117],"resource":[71,110],"allocation":[72,111],"transfer":[74,120],"selection.":[79],"Topology":[80],"management":[81],"using":[84,100],"BS":[89],"placement":[90],"sleep":[92],"mode":[93],"operation.":[94],"System":[95],"simulation":[96],"carried":[98],"out":[99],"practical":[102],"Ljubljana":[103],"scenario.":[104],"Compared":[105],"classical":[108],"LTE":[109],"selection":[114],"approach,":[115],"clustered":[116],"achieves":[122],"significant":[123],"QoS":[124],"improvement":[125],"terms":[127],"optimization.":[132],"With":[133],"topology":[134],"management,":[135],"algorithms":[138],"show":[139],"effective":[141],"balance":[142],"between":[143],"QoS.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}