{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105741209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","title":"Approximate Solutions to the Distribution of the Fading Intervals of Lognormal Processes","display_name":"Approximate Solutions to the Distribution of the Fading Intervals of Lognormal Processes","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105741209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","mag":"2105741209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 4th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090552897","display_name":"N\u00e9ji Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120884","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tudes Technologiques en Communications de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/02rfbsc53","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}],"countries":["FR","TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neji Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure des Communications de Tunis, El-Ghazalat, Tunisia","Ecole Super. des Commun. de Tunis, Tunis"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure des Communications de Tunis, El-Ghazalat, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120884"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Super. des Commun. de Tunis, Tunis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042473673","display_name":"Matthias P\u00e4tzold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Patzold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, Grimstad, Norway","Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, P. O. Box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway, matthias.paetzold@hia.no"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, P. O. Box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway, matthias.paetzold@hia.no","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631991","display_name":"Kun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, Grimstad, Norway","Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, P. O. Box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway, kuny05@student.hia.no"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Science, Agder University College, P. O. Box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway, kuny05@student.hia.no","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090552897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210120884"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3512,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6602539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"204","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.9127416610717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-normal-distribution","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","score":0.8724928498268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.7426744103431702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading-distribution","display_name":"Fading distribution","score":0.5683832764625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.525604248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.47354596853256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.46234646439552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.44099441170692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4269101619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4209408164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.23858603835105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12067145109176636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.9127416610717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151620405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826116","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.8724928498268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.7426744103431702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161126049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5429266","display_name":"Fading distribution","level":5,"score":0.5683832764625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.525604248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.47354596853256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.46234646439552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.44099441170692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4269101619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4209408164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.23858603835105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12067145109176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2007.4392331","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 4th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560950944","https://openalex.org/W1990783403","https://openalex.org/W2019362322","https://openalex.org/W2044208700","https://openalex.org/W2098349670","https://openalex.org/W2114509411","https://openalex.org/W2118874533","https://openalex.org/W2140272894","https://openalex.org/W2140452629","https://openalex.org/W2145291832","https://openalex.org/W2163275183","https://openalex.org/W2166646022","https://openalex.org/W3136463145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973347792","https://openalex.org/W2114164011","https://openalex.org/W2790025453","https://openalex.org/W2047516065","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W2780636222","https://openalex.org/W2018252718","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W2086010028","https://openalex.org/W1872459703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"derive":[4],"two":[5],"approximate":[6,25,52],"solutions":[7,74],"for":[8,55,81],"the":[9,30,35,41,50,56,61,72],"probability":[10,32],"density":[11],"function":[12],"(PDF)":[13],"of":[14,45,63,71],"lognormal":[15,46],"shadow":[16],"fading":[17,21,64],"intervals":[18,65],"at":[19],"deep":[20],"levels.":[22],"The":[23,69],"first":[24],"solution":[26],"is":[27,38,75],"based":[28],"on":[29,49],"Rice":[31],"function,":[33],"while":[34],"second":[36],"one":[37],"deduced":[39],"from":[40],"asymptotic":[42],"behavior":[43],"analysis":[44],"processes.":[47],"Based":[48],"latter":[51],"solution,":[53],"expressions":[54],"average":[57],"as":[58,60],"well":[59],"variance":[62],"are":[66],"also":[67],"provided.":[68],"validity":[70],"analytical":[73],"verified":[76],"by":[77],"computer":[78],"simulations":[79],"obtained":[80],"different":[82],"propagation":[83],"environments.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
