{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039376797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","title":"Characterisation of Signal Penetration into Buildings for GSM and UMTS","display_name":"Characterisation of Signal Penetration into Buildings for GSM and UMTS","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039376797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","mag":"2039376797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016707852","display_name":"L\u00facio S. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-2531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucio Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. lucio.ferreira@lx.it.pt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. lucio.ferreira@lx.it.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102729704","display_name":"Martijn Kuipers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-996X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martijn Kuipers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. martijn.kuipers@lx.it.pt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. martijn.kuipers@lx.it.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102079389","display_name":"Carlos Rodrigues","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127944","display_name":"Sonae (Portugal)","ror":"https://ror.org/036bh3761","country_code":"PT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127944"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimus, Lisboa, Portugal","Optimus Lisbon, Portugal. carlos.rodrigues@sonae.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimus, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimus Lisbon, Portugal. carlos.rodrigues@sonae.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127944"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085082167","display_name":"Lu\u00eds M. Correia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-9896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis M. Correia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. luis.correia@lx.it.pt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico / Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. luis.correia@lx.it.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57781785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.8119848966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umts-frequency-bands","display_name":"UMTS frequency bands","score":0.7619566917419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.5882766842842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.449779212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44949105381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.291518896818161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2712843120098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.16040802001953125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.8119848966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101618186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3633928","display_name":"UMTS frequency bands","level":2,"score":0.7619566917419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5882766842842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.449779212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44949105381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.291518896818161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2712843120098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.16040802001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2006.4362260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535466638","https://openalex.org/W1535549400","https://openalex.org/W2004576634","https://openalex.org/W2149081140","https://openalex.org/W6632144845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089411671","https://openalex.org/W2330816391","https://openalex.org/W2129945940","https://openalex.org/W2146403794","https://openalex.org/W2541748896","https://openalex.org/W2099545174","https://openalex.org/W2898558744","https://openalex.org/W2148446063","https://openalex.org/W2127646046","https://openalex.org/W2078961610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,97],"study":[1,98],"of":[2,25,64,81,102,116,127],"the":[3,16,46,52,65,100,103],"extra":[4],"signal":[5],"attenuation":[6,47,104,115],"due":[7],"to":[8,12,19,56],"building":[9,58,109],"penetration":[10,48],"associated":[11],"path":[13],"loss":[14],"from":[15],"base":[17],"stations":[18],"mobile":[20],"terminals,":[21],"for":[22,31,45,74,119],"different":[23],"types":[24,80],"buildings":[26,82],"and":[27,34,37,60,86,88,108],"rooms":[28,89],"is":[29,49,111,121],"presented":[30],"GSM":[32],"(900":[33],"1800":[35],"MHz)":[36],"UMTS.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"study,":[41],"a":[42,57,124],"statistical":[43],"model":[44],"developed,":[50],"following":[51],"log-normal":[53],"distribution,":[54],"applied":[55],"classification,":[59],"supported":[61],"on":[62,99],"measurements":[63],"actual":[66],"systems":[67],"under":[68],"consideration,":[69],"which":[70],"can":[71],"be":[72],"used":[73],"radio":[75],"network":[76],"planning":[77],"purposes.":[78],"Different":[79],"(High-Integrated,":[83],"High-Isolated,":[84],"Low-Integrated,":[85],"Low-Isolated)":[87],"(Indoor":[90],"Light,":[91],"Indoor,":[92],"Deep":[93],"Indoor)":[94],"are":[95],"considered.":[96],"variation":[101],"per":[105],"floor,":[106],"room":[107],"type":[110],"performed.":[112],"An":[113],"average":[114],"5.7":[117],"dB":[118],"GSM900":[120],"observed,":[122],"with":[123],"standard":[125],"deviation":[126],"11.1":[128],"dB.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}