{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101221475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","title":"Localization and 3D reconstruction of urban scenes using GPS","display_name":"Localization and 3D reconstruction of urban scenes using GPS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101221475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","mag":"2101221475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 12th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/91d0c5c2-c28f-47e7-8bc0-b5d2aa9c7214/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655396","display_name":"Kihwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-1707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kihwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031873697","display_name":"Jay Summet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Summet","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109090637","display_name":"Thad Starner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thad Starner","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035902575","display_name":"Daniel Ashbrook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4326-2110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ashbrook","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098634850","display_name":"Mrunal Kapade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrunal Kapade","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070348998","display_name":"Irfan Essa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Essa","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Comput., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90313951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8186195492744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6047210693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5680641531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5525305271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47932589054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47338977456092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.44133344292640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4323095977306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.4192485213279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4158184826374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.4140966534614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4027320444583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.36483460664749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.35422277450561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18163162469863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15496951341629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14152327179908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08730265498161316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8186195492744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047210693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5680641531944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5525305271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47932589054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47338977456092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.44133344292640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4323095977306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.4192485213279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4158184826374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.4140966534614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4027320444583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36483460664749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.35422277450561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18163162469863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15496951341629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14152327179908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08730265498161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2008.4911576","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 12th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/25827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25827","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/91d0c5c2-c28f-47e7-8bc0-b5d2aa9c7214/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1013.3603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1013.3603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://danielashbrook.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/GPS_reconstruction.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.150.2461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.150.2461","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~summetj/papers/kim_iswc_08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.406.9891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.9891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.kihwan23.com/papers/ISWC08/GPSRAY_ISWC08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.407.835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.407.835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.kihwan23.com/papers/ISWC08/GPSRAY_ISWC08_short_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/25827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25827","pdf_url":"http://repository.gatech.edu/bitstreams/91d0c5c2-c28f-47e7-8bc0-b5d2aa9c7214/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2101221475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2101221475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48654429","https://openalex.org/W113638960","https://openalex.org/W1656165940","https://openalex.org/W1769639936","https://openalex.org/W1854144742","https://openalex.org/W1898041688","https://openalex.org/W1964204825","https://openalex.org/W1993651208","https://openalex.org/W2009155608","https://openalex.org/W2022686119","https://openalex.org/W2023980186","https://openalex.org/W2024469036","https://openalex.org/W2042839256","https://openalex.org/W2101221475","https://openalex.org/W2104229490","https://openalex.org/W2107105977","https://openalex.org/W2113030042","https://openalex.org/W2118708089","https://openalex.org/W2118991694","https://openalex.org/W2124156864","https://openalex.org/W2125420246","https://openalex.org/W2146945987","https://openalex.org/W2148820580","https://openalex.org/W2156036475","https://openalex.org/W2200819509","https://openalex.org/W2295355433","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6638107152","https://openalex.org/W6641053216","https://openalex.org/W6675584644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W2095430614","https://openalex.org/W1983404271","https://openalex.org/W2545442221","https://openalex.org/W2161629363","https://openalex.org/W1998073273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"off-the-shelf":[1],"Global":[2],"Positioning":[3],"System":[4],"(GPS)":[5],"units,":[6],"we":[7],"reconstruct":[8],"buildings":[9,26,59],"in":[10,16,60],"3D":[11],"by":[12],"exploiting":[13],"the":[14,25,28,31,35,40,55],"reduction":[15],"signal":[17],"to":[18],"noise":[19],"ratio":[20],"(SNR)":[21],"that":[22],"occurs":[23],"when":[24],"obstruct":[27],"line-of-sight":[29],"between":[30],"moving":[32],"units":[33],"and":[34,42],"orbiting":[36],"satellites.":[37],"We":[38],"measure":[39],"size":[41],"height":[43],"of":[44,57],"skyscrapers":[45],"as":[46,48],"well":[47],"automatically":[49],"constructing":[50],"a":[51],"density":[52],"map":[53],"representing":[54],"location":[56],"multiple":[58],"an":[61],"urban":[62],"landscape.":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
